Ellis B Heidi, King Michael, Cardeli Emma, Christopher Enryka, Davis Seetha, Yohannes Sewit, Bunn Mary, McCoy John, Weine Stevan
Trauma and Community Resilience Center, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Organization for the Prevention of Violence, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Terror Political Violence. 2024;36(4):425-454. doi: 10.1080/09546553.2023.2169142. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Women and children returning from areas formerly controlled by the Islamic State typically have experienced high levels of trauma and indoctrination, further complicating politically fraught efforts at reintegration and resettlement. Consequently, countries around the world are grappling with how best to manage the return of these women and children. To help better understand which types of programming can contribute to the successful, non-violent reintegration of these individuals, we incorporated ideas from existing Repatriation and Rehabilitation (R&R) literature, field practitioners, R&R subject matter experts, and literature from adjacent fields (e.g., refugee resettlement, criminal justice, psychological resilience) into a recommended best practice approach to supporting returning women and children. We propose a shift from "R&R" programming to what we call the "5R" framework: Repatriation/ Resettlement, Reintegration, Rehabilitation, and Resilience. This shift provides conceptual clarity related to how different program elements target proximal goals (e.g., wellbeing and personal safety, belonging and opportunity, non-violence, and dignity), and how programming can shift from more centrally- and government-held services to informal and community-based supports.
从曾由伊斯兰国控制的地区返回的妇女和儿童通常经历了高度的创伤和洗脑，这使得政治上充满争议的重新融入和重新安置努力更加复杂。因此，世界各国都在努力应对如何以最佳方式管理这些妇女和儿童的返回问题。为了更好地了解哪些类型的项目能够有助于这些人成功、非暴力地重新融入社会，我们将现有遣返与康复（R&R）文献、实地从业者、R&R主题专家以及相邻领域（如难民重新安置、刑事司法、心理复原力）的文献中的观点纳入一种推荐的最佳实践方法，以支持返回的妇女和儿童。我们提议从“R&R”项目转向我们所称的“5R”框架：遣返/重新安置、重新融入、康复以及复原力。这种转变在不同项目要素如何针对近期目标（如福祉和人身安全、归属感和机会、非暴力以及尊严）方面提供了概念上的清晰性，以及项目如何能够从更多由中央和政府提供的服务转向非正式和基于社区的支持。
