Morales Laura, Cobo Antonio, Frías María Pilar, Gálvez Antonio, Ortega Elena
Microbiolgy Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Department of Statistics and Operation Research, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 May 9;13(5):429. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13050429.
The heterogenicity of antimicrobial resistance genes described in clinically significant bacterial isolates and their potential role in reducing the efficacy of classically effective antibiotics pose a major challenge for global healthcare, especially in infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. We analyzed 112 multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates from clinical samples in order to detect high resistance profiles, both phenotypically and genotypically, among four Gram-negative genera (, , and ). We found that 9.8% of the total selected isolates were classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) (six isolates identified as and five among isolates). All other isolates were classified as MDR. Almost 100% of the isolates showed positive results for and genes among the samples, one resistance gene () among , and two genetic determinants ( and ) among . In contrast, showed just one high-frequency antibiotic resistance gene (), which was present in 68.42% of the isolates studied. We also describe positive associations between ampicillin and cefotaxime resistance in and the presence of and genes, as well as between the aztreonam resistance phenotype and the presence of gene in . These data may be useful in achieving a better control of infection strategies and antibiotic management in clinical scenarios where these multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens cause higher morbidity and mortality.
临床重要细菌分离株中描述的抗菌药物耐药基因的异质性及其在降低经典有效抗生素疗效方面的潜在作用，对全球医疗保健构成了重大挑战，尤其是在由革兰氏阴性菌引起的感染中。我们分析了112株来自临床样本的多重耐药（MDR）分离株，以便在四个革兰氏阴性菌属（、、和）中从表型和基因型上检测高耐药谱。我们发现，在总共选择的分离株中，9.8%被归类为广泛耐药（XDR）（6株鉴定为，5株在分离株中）。所有其他分离株被归类为MDR。在样本中，几乎100%的分离株对和基因呈阳性结果，在中有一种耐药基因（），在中有两种遗传决定因素（和）。相比之下，仅显示一种高频抗生素耐药基因（），在所研究的分离株中有68.42%存在该基因。我们还描述了中氨苄西林和头孢噻肟耐药性与和基因的存在之间以及氨曲南耐药表型与中基因的存在之间的正相关。在这些多重耐药革兰氏阴性病原体导致更高发病率和死亡率的临床场景中，这些数据可能有助于更好地控制感染策略和抗生素管理。
