School of Sports and School of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
School of Sports and School of Physical Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 May 24;103(21):e38220. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000038220.
Deaths from COVID-19 are concentrated in older adults, and studies have reported that physical activity (PA) can reduce the risk of death from pneumonia.
Eight cohort studies and 2 case-control studies were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria established in this meta-analysis study followed the PRISMA guideline, 8 cohort studies and 2 case-control studies were finally included. Then, the research objects in these studies were classified to further study the dose-response relationship and non-dose-response relationship.
The highest dose of PA reduced the risk of death by 59% (risk ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.58) compared with the lowest dose of PA in middle-aged and elderly people. Furthermore, when the PA level was <10 m/wk, the risk of death from pneumonia was reduced by 6% every 4.5 MET-h/wk increase. At a PA level > 10 m/wk, the risk of death from pneumonia increased by 5% every 4.5 MET-h/wk increase. At a PA level > 30 m/wk, PA is a risk factor for pneumonia-related death in middle-aged and elderly people.
This meta-analysis showed that PA was associated with a reduced risk of dying from pneumonia in middle-aged and older adults, and that there was a significant nonlinear negative dose-response relationship between PA levels and the risk of dying from pneumonia. Therefore, moderate exercise was recommended.
COVID-19 死亡病例集中在老年人中，有研究报告称，身体活动（PA）可降低肺炎死亡风险。
根据本荟萃分析研究中制定的纳入和排除标准，共纳入了 8 项队列研究和 2 项病例对照研究，最终纳入了 8 项队列研究和 2 项病例对照研究。然后，对这些研究中的研究对象进行分类，以进一步研究剂量-反应关系和非剂量-反应关系。
与 PA 最低剂量相比，PA 最高剂量可使中老年人的死亡风险降低 59%（风险比=0.41；95%置信区间：0.23-0.58）。此外，当 PA 水平<10 m/wk 时，每增加 4.5 MET-h/wk，肺炎死亡风险降低 6%。在 PA 水平>10 m/wk 时，每增加 4.5 MET-h/wk，肺炎死亡风险增加 5%。在 PA 水平>30 m/wk 时，PA 是中老年人肺炎相关死亡的危险因素。
本荟萃分析表明，PA 与中老年人肺炎死亡风险降低相关，且 PA 水平与肺炎死亡风险之间存在显著的非线性负剂量-反应关系。因此，建议进行适度运动。
