Cardoso Paulo, Pinto Ricardo, Lopes Tiago, Figueira Etelvina
Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 May 3;13(5):565. doi: 10.3390/antiox13050565.
Soil is an environment with numerous niches, where bacteria are exposed to diverse conditions. Some bacteria are exposed earlier than others to pressure, and the emission of signals that other bacteria can receive and perceive may allow a better response to an eminent stimulus. To shed light on how bacteria trigger their response and adapt to changes in the environment, the intra- and interspecific influences of volatiles on bacterial strains growing under non-stressed and cadmium-stressed conditions were assessed. Each strain was exposed to its volatiles emitted by cells growing under different conditions to test whether the environment in which a cell grows influences neighboring cells. The five genera tested showed different responses, with displaying the greatest influence. In a second experiment, 13 strains from different genera were grown under control conditions but exposed to volatiles released by Cd-stressed cells to ascertain whether 's observed influence was strain-specific or broader. Our results showed that the volatiles emitted by some bacteria under stress are differentially perceived and translated into biochemical changes (growth, alteration of the antioxidant response, and oxidative damage) by other bacteria, which may increase the adaptability and resilience of bacterial communities to environmental changes, especially those with a prooxidant nature. Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soils constitutes a risk to the environment and human health. Here, we showed the effects of Cd exposure on bacteria and how volatile communication influences the biochemistry related to coping with oxidative stress. This knowledge can be important for remediation and risk assessment and highlights that new biological features, such as volatile communication, should be considered when studying and assessing the impact of contaminants on soil ecosystems.
土壤是一个具有众多生态位的环境，细菌在其中会面临各种不同的条件。一些细菌比其他细菌更早受到压力，而其他细菌能够接收和感知的信号发射可能会使它们对即将到来的刺激做出更好的反应。为了阐明细菌如何触发其反应并适应环境变化，我们评估了挥发性物质在非胁迫和镉胁迫条件下对细菌菌株生长的种内和种间影响。将每个菌株暴露于在不同条件下生长的细胞所释放的挥发性物质中，以测试细胞生长的环境是否会影响相邻细胞。所测试的五个属表现出不同的反应，其中[具体属名未给出]显示出最大的影响。在第二个实验中，来自不同属的13个菌株在对照条件下生长，但暴露于镉胁迫的[具体菌株名未给出]细胞释放的挥发性物质中，以确定[具体菌株名未给出]所观察到的影响是菌株特异性的还是更广泛的。我们的结果表明，一些细菌在胁迫下释放的挥发性物质会被其他细菌以不同方式感知并转化为生化变化（生长、抗氧化反应改变和氧化损伤），这可能会增加细菌群落对环境变化，特别是具有促氧化性质变化的适应性和恢复力。土壤中的镉（Cd）污染对环境和人类健康构成风险。在这里，我们展示了镉暴露对细菌的影响以及挥发性物质通讯如何影响与应对氧化应激相关的生物化学过程。这些知识对于修复和风险评估可能很重要，并突出表明在研究和评估污染物对土壤生态系统的影响时，应考虑挥发性物质通讯等新的生物学特征。
