Badiche-El Hilali Fátima, Medeiros-Fonseca Beatriz, Silva Jéssica, Silvestre-Ferreira Ana C, Pires Maria João, Gil da Costa Rui M, Peixoto Francisco, Oliveira Paula A, Valero Daniel
Department AgroFood Technology, EPSO-CIAGRO, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain.
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 May 10;13(5):588. doi: 10.3390/antiox13050588.
Lemon is a fruit rich in antioxidant properties and has several health benefits, namely the reduction of skin edema and anticarcinogenic properties, which are due to its high content of bioactive compounds. Melatonin can improve and preserve the properties of lemon for longer and also has health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of lemon juice after melatonin treatment on murinometric parameters of wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic mice carrying human papillomavirus (HPV). Two trials were performed for oral administration of the lemon extract compound: in drinking water and in diet. First of all, lemons were treated by immersion with melatonin at 10 mM. Then, lemons were squeezed, and the juice obtained was freeze-dried and stored to be subsequently added to drinking water or diet, according to the assay. Thus, mice were divided into eight groups in the drink assay (each with n = 5): group 1 (G1, WT, control), group 2 (G2, WT, 1 mL lemon), group 3 (G3, WT, 1.5 mL lemon), group 4 (G4, WT, 2 mL lemon), group 5 (G5, HPV16, control), group 6 (G6, HPV16, 1 mL lemon) group 7 (G6, HPV16, 1.5 mL lemon) and group 8 (G6, HPV16, 2 mL lemon). The diet assay was divided into four groups: group 1 (G1, WT, control), group 2 (G2, WT, 4 mL lemon), group 3 (G3, HPV16, control) and group 4 (G4, HPV16, 4 mL lemon). In the drink assay, the highest concentration of melatonin (308 ng/100 mL) was for groups 4 and 8, while in the food assay, there was only one concentration of melatonin (9.96 ng/g) for groups 2 and 4. Both trials lasted 30 days. During this time, body weight, food and water were recorded. Afterward, they were sacrificed, and samples were collected for different analyses. At the concentrations used, the lemon juice with melatonin had no adverse effects on the animals' health and showed a positive outcome in modifying weight gain and enhancing antioxidant activity in mice. Moreover, a reduction in the incidence of histological lesions was observed in treated animals. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of lemon extract on health and treatment outcomes in this animal model.
柠檬是一种富含抗氧化特性的水果，具有多种健康益处，即减轻皮肤水肿和抗癌特性，这归因于其高含量的生物活性化合物。褪黑素可以改善并更长时间地保持柠檬的特性，也具有健康益处。本研究的目的是评估褪黑素处理后口服柠檬汁对野生型（WT）小鼠和携带人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的转基因小鼠的计量参数的影响。进行了两项口服柠檬提取物化合物的试验：加入饮用水中以及加入饮食中。首先，将柠檬用10 mM的褪黑素浸泡处理。然后，将柠檬榨汁，所得汁液冷冻干燥并储存，随后根据试验分别添加到饮用水或饮食中。因此，在饮品试验中，小鼠被分为八组（每组n = 5）：第1组（G1，WT，对照组），第2组（G2，WT，1 mL柠檬汁），第3组（G3，WT，1.5 mL柠檬汁），第4组（G4，WT，2 mL柠檬汁），第5组（G5，HPV16，对照组），第6组（G6，HPV16，1 mL柠檬汁），第7组（G6，HPV16，1.5 mL柠檬汁）和第8组（G6，HPV16，2 mL柠檬汁）。饮食试验分为四组：第1组（G1，WT，对照组），第2组（G2，WT，4 mL柠檬汁），第3组（G3，HPV16，对照组）和第4组（G4，HPV16，4 mL柠檬汁）。在饮品试验中，褪黑素的最高浓度（308 ng/100 mL）出现在第4组和第8组，而在食物试验中，第2组和第4组的褪黑素浓度仅为一种（9.96 ng/g）。两项试验均持续30天。在此期间，记录体重、食物和水的摄入量。之后，将它们处死，并收集样本进行不同分析。在所使用的浓度下，含褪黑素的柠檬汁对动物健康没有不良影响，并且在改变小鼠体重增加和增强抗氧化活性方面显示出积极结果。此外，在接受治疗的动物中观察到组织学病变的发生率有所降低。需要进一步研究以更好地了解柠檬提取物对该动物模型中健康和治疗结果的影响。
