Ding Yinting, Wang Lin, Wang Hua, Li Hua
College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China.
China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China.
Foods. 2024 May 18;13(10):1580. doi: 10.3390/foods13101580.
The composition and continuous succession of natural microbial communities during grape growth play important roles in grape health and flavor quality as well as in characterizing the regional wine terroir. This study explored the diversity and dynamics of fruit epidermal microbes at each growth and developmental stage of Ecolly grapes under an extremely simplified eco-cultivation model, analyzed microbial interactions and associations of weather parameters to specific communities, and emphasized metabolic functional characteristics of microecology. The results indicated that the natural microbial community changed significantly during the grape growth phase. The dominant fungal genera mainly included , , , , , , and , and the dominant bacterial genera mainly contained , , , , , , and . In summary, filamentous fungi gradually shifted to basidiomycetous yeasts along with fruit ripening, with a decline in the number of Gram-negative bacteria and a relative increase in Gram-positive bacteria. The community assembly process reflects the fact that microbial ecology may be influenced by a variety of factors, but the fungal community was more stable, and the bacterial community fluctuated more from year to year, which may reflect their response to weather conditions over the years. Overall, our study helps to comprehensively profile the ecological characteristics of the grape microbial system, highlights the natural ecological viticulture concept, and promotes the sustainable development of the grape and wine industry.
葡萄生长过程中自然微生物群落的组成和持续演替对葡萄健康和风味品质以及表征地区葡萄酒风土起着重要作用。本研究在极其简化的生态栽培模式下，探究了埃科利葡萄各个生长发育阶段果实表皮微生物的多样性和动态变化，分析了微生物相互作用以及天气参数与特定群落的关联，并着重研究了微生态的代谢功能特征。结果表明，在葡萄生长阶段自然微生物群落发生了显著变化。优势真菌属主要包括 、 、 、 、 、 、 和 ，优势细菌属主要有 、 、 、 、 、 、 和 。总之，随着果实成熟，丝状真菌逐渐向担子酵母转变，革兰氏阴性菌数量减少，革兰氏阳性菌相对增加。群落组装过程反映出微生物生态可能受多种因素影响这一事实，但真菌群落更稳定，细菌群落年际波动更大，这可能反映了它们对多年来天气状况的响应。总体而言，我们的研究有助于全面描绘葡萄微生物系统的生态特征，突出自然生态葡萄栽培理念，促进葡萄与葡萄酒产业的可持续发展。
