School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, 501 W. Mitchell Street, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 May 11;21(5):613. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21050613.
This study considers residential segregation as a critical driver of racial/ethnic health disparities and introduces a proxy measure of segregation that estimates the degree of segregation at the census tract level with a metric capturing the overrepresentation of a racialized/ethnic group in a census tract in relation to that group's representation at the city level. Using Dallas, Texas as a pilot city, the measure is used to investigate mean life expectancy at birth for relatively overrepresented Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, and Asian census tracts and examine for significant differences between mean life expectancy in relatively overrepresented census tracts and that group's mean life expectancy at the state level. Multivariable linear regression analysis was utilized to assess how segregation measured at the census tract level associates with life expectancy across different racialized/ethnic groups, controlling for socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to expose the need to consider the possibility of neighborhood mechanisms beyond socioeconomic characteristics as an important determinant of health and draw attention to the importance of critically engaging the experience of place in examinations of racial and ethnic health disparities. Multivariable linear regression modeling resulted in significant findings for non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic white, and Asian groups, indicating increased census tract-level life expectancy for Black and white residents in highly segregated census tracts and decreased life expectancy for residents of tracts in which the Asian community is overrepresented when compared to state means. Unadjusted models demonstrated socioeconomic inequities between first and fourth quartile census tracts and pointed to the importance of mixed methods in health disparities research and the importance of including the voice of community members to account for places of daily lived experience and people's relationships with them.
本研究认为居住隔离是造成种族/民族健康差异的一个关键因素，并引入了一种隔离程度的代理指标，该指标使用一种度量标准来衡量在城市层面上，一个种族/族裔群体在普查区内的代表性与该群体在城市层面上的代表性之间的过度代表性，从而估算出普查区层面的隔离程度。以德克萨斯州达拉斯市为试点城市，该指标用于调查出生时相对代表性较高的西班牙裔、非西班牙裔白人和非西班牙裔黑人以及亚裔普查区的平均预期寿命，并检查相对代表性较高的普查区的平均预期寿命与该群体在州一级的平均预期寿命之间是否存在显著差异。多变量线性回归分析用于评估在不同种族/族裔群体中，在普查区层面上衡量的隔离程度与预期寿命之间的关联，同时控制社会经济差异。本研究旨在揭示需要考虑邻里机制超越社会经济特征的可能性，作为健康的一个重要决定因素，并提请注意在考察种族和民族健康差异时，批判性地关注地方体验的重要性。多变量线性回归模型对非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白人和亚裔群体的结果具有显著意义，表明在高度隔离的普查区内，黑人和白人居民的普查区层面预期寿命增加，而在以亚裔社区为代表的普查区内，居民的预期寿命下降，与州平均值相比。未经调整的模型显示了第一和第四四分位普查区之间的社会经济不平等，并指出混合方法在健康差异研究中的重要性，以及包括社区成员的声音的重要性，以说明日常生活体验的场所和人们与这些场所的关系。
