Feng Yu, Chen Hua, Fu Libo, Yin Mei, Wang Zhiyuan, Li Yongmei, Cao Weidong
College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650500, China.
Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 May 7;12(5):949. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12050949.
The use of green manure can substantially increase the microbial diversity and multifunctionality of soil. Green manuring practices are becoming popular for tobacco production in China. However, the influence of different green manures in tobacco fields has not yet been clarified. Here, smooth vetch (SV), hairy vetch (HV), broad bean (BB), common vetch (CV), rapeseed (RS), and radish (RD) were selected as green manures to investigate their impact on soil multifunctionality and evaluate their effects on enhancing soil quality for tobacco cultivation in southwest China. The biomass of tobacco was highest in the SV treatment. Soil pH declined, and soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in CV and BB and activity of extracellular enzymes in SV and CV treatments were higher than those in other treatments. Fungal diversity declined in SV and CV but did not affect soil multifunctionality, indicating that bacterial communities contributed more to soil multifunctionality than fungal communities. The abundance of Firmicutes, Rhizobiales, and Micrococcales in SV and CV treatments increased and was negatively correlated with soil pH but positively correlated with soil multifunctionality, suggesting that the decrease in soil pH contributed to increases in the abundance of functional bacteria. In the bacteria-fungi co-occurrence network, the relative abundance of key ecological modules negatively correlated with soil multifunctionality and was low in SV, CV, BB, and RS treatments, and this was associated with reductions in soil pH and increases in the content of SOM and nitrate nitrogen (NO-N). Overall, we found that SV and CV are more beneficial for soil multifunctionality, and this was driven by the decrease in soil pH and the increase in SOM, TN, NO-N, and C- and N-cycling functional bacteria.
绿肥的使用可大幅增加土壤微生物多样性和多功能性。在中国，绿肥种植做法在烟草生产中越来越普遍。然而，不同绿肥对烟田的影响尚未明确。在此，选用箭筈豌豆（SV）、毛叶苕子（HV）、蚕豆（BB）、普通苕子（CV）、油菜（RS）和萝卜（RD）作为绿肥，研究它们对土壤多功能性的影响，并评估其对中国西南地区烟草种植土壤质量提升的效果。在SV处理中，烟草生物量最高。CV和BB处理的土壤pH下降，土壤有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）和溶解有机碳（DOC）含量以及SV和CV处理的胞外酶活性均高于其他处理。SV和CV处理中真菌多样性下降，但未影响土壤多功能性，这表明细菌群落对土壤多功能性的贡献大于真菌群落。SV和CV处理中厚壁菌门、根瘤菌目和微球菌目的丰度增加，与土壤pH呈负相关，但与土壤多功能性呈正相关，这表明土壤pH的降低有助于功能细菌丰度的增加。在细菌 - 真菌共生网络中，与土壤多功能性呈负相关的关键生态模块的相对丰度在SV、CV、BB和RS处理中较低，这与土壤pH降低、SOM和硝态氮（NO-N）含量增加有关。总体而言，我们发现SV和CV对土壤多功能性更有益，这是由土壤pH降低以及SOM、TN、NO-N和碳氮循环功能细菌增加所驱动的。
