School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
Viruses. 2024 Apr 25;16(5):673. doi: 10.3390/v16050673.
Viral co-infections, in which a host is infected with multiple viruses simultaneously, are common in the human population. Human viral co-infections can lead to complex interactions between the viruses and the host immune system, affecting the clinical outcome and posing challenges for treatment. Understanding the types, mechanisms, impacts, and identification methods of human viral co-infections is crucial for the prevention and control of viral diseases. In this review, we first introduce the significance of studying human viral co-infections and summarize the current research progress and gaps in this field. We then classify human viral co-infections into four types based on the pathogenic properties and species of the viruses involved. Next, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of viral co-infections, focusing on virus-virus interactions, host immune responses, and clinical manifestations. We also summarize the experimental and computational methods for the identification of viral co-infections, emphasizing the latest advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. Finally, we highlight the challenges and future directions in human viral co-infection research, aiming to provide new insights and strategies for the prevention, control, diagnosis, and treatment of viral diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and future perspectives on human viral co-infections and underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address this complex and important topic.
病毒合并感染是指宿主同时感染多种病毒的情况，在人群中较为常见。人类病毒合并感染可导致病毒与宿主免疫系统之间发生复杂的相互作用，影响临床结局，并给治疗带来挑战。了解人类病毒合并感染的类型、机制、影响和鉴定方法对于病毒病的预防和控制至关重要。在本文中，我们首先介绍了研究人类病毒合并感染的意义，并总结了该领域的研究现状和空白。然后，我们根据涉及的病毒的致病特性和种类，将人类病毒合并感染分为四种类型。接下来，我们讨论了病毒合并感染的分子机制，重点关注病毒-病毒相互作用、宿主免疫反应和临床表现。我们还总结了鉴定病毒合并感染的实验和计算方法，强调了高通量测序和生物信息学方法的最新进展。最后，我们强调了人类病毒合并感染研究中的挑战和未来方向，旨在为病毒病的预防、控制、诊断和治疗提供新的见解和策略。本文对人类病毒合并感染的现有知识和未来前景进行了全面概述，并强调了跨学科合作解决这一复杂重要课题的必要性。
