National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
Viruses. 2024 May 16;16(5):794. doi: 10.3390/v16050794.
The Nipah virus (NiV) and the Hendra virus (HeV) are highly pathogenic zoonotic diseases that can cause fatal infections in humans and animals. Early detection is critical for the control of NiV and HeV infections. We present the development of two antigen-detection ELISAs (AgELISAs) using the henipavirus-receptor EphrinB2 and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect NiV and HeV. The NiV AgELISA detected only NiV, whereas the NiV/HeV AgELISA detected both NiV and HeV. The diagnostic specificities of the NiV AgELISA and the NiV/HeV AgELISA were 100% and 97.8%, respectively. Both assays were specific for henipaviruses and showed no cross-reactivity with other viruses. The AgELISAs detected NiV antigen in experimental pig nasal wash samples taken at 4 days post-infection. With the combination of both AgELISAs, NiV can be differentiated from HeV. Complementing other henipavirus detection methods, these two newly developed AgELISAs can rapidly detect NiV and HeV in a large number of samples and are suitable for use in remote areas where other tests are not available.
尼帕病毒（NiV）和亨德拉病毒（HeV）是两种高致病性人畜共患病原体，可导致人类和动物致命感染。早期检测对于控制 NiV 和 HeV 感染至关重要。我们开发了两种基于亨尼帕病毒受体 EphrinB2 和单克隆抗体（mAb）的抗原检测 ELISA（AgELISA），用于检测 NiV 和 HeV。NiV AgELISA 仅能检测 NiV，而 NiV/HeV AgELISA 则可同时检测 NiV 和 HeV。NiV AgELISA 和 NiV/HeV AgELISA 的诊断特异性分别为 100%和 97.8%。两种检测方法均特异性针对亨尼帕病毒，与其他病毒无交叉反应。AgELISA 在感染后 4 天的实验猪鼻冲洗样本中检测到 NiV 抗原。结合这两种 AgELISA，可将 NiV 与 HeV 区分开来。这两种新开发的 AgELISA 可与其他亨尼帕病毒检测方法互补，快速检测大量样本中的 NiV 和 HeV，适用于其他检测方法不可用的偏远地区。
