Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Commisioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA.
Vaccine. 2024 Sep 17;42(22):125997. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.045. Epub 2024 May 25.
Routine vaccinations are key to prevent outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, there have been documented declines in routine childhood vaccinations in the U.S. and worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assess how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted routine childhood vaccinations by evaluating vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccinations for children born in 2016-2021.
Data on routine childhood vaccinations reported to CDC by nine U.S. jurisdictions via the immunization information systems (IISs) by December 31, 2022, were available for analyses. Population size for each age group was obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics' Bridging Population Estimates.
Vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccinations at age three months, five months, seven months, one year, and two years was calculated by vaccine type and overall, for 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series (≥4 doses DTaP, ≥3 doses Polio, ≥1 dose MMR, ≥3 doses Hib, ≥3 doses Hepatitis B, ≥1 dose Varicella, and ≥ 4 doses pneumococcal conjugate), for each birth cohort year and by jurisdiction.
Overall, there was a 10.4 percentage point decrease in the 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 series in those children born in 2020 compared to those children born in 2016. As of December 31, 2022, 71.0% and 71.3% of children born in 2016 and 2017, respectively, were up to date on their routine childhood vaccinations by two years of age compared to 69.1%, 64.7% and 60.6% for children born in 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively.
The decline in vaccination coverage for routine childhood vaccines is concerning. In order to protect population health, strategic efforts are needed by health care providers, schools, parents, as well as state, local, and federal governments to work together to address these declines in vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases by maintaining high levels of population immunity.
常规疫苗接种是预防可预防疾病爆发的关键。然而，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，美国和全球范围内有记录显示常规儿童疫苗接种有所下降。
通过评估 2016-2021 年出生的儿童的常规儿童疫苗接种覆盖率，评估 COVID-19 大流行对常规儿童疫苗接种的影响。
通过免疫信息系统（IIS）向美国九个司法管辖区报告的常规儿童疫苗接种数据，截至 2022 年 12 月 31 日，可用于分析。每个年龄组的人口规模均来自国家卫生统计中心的桥梁人口估计数。
根据疫苗类型和总体情况，计算了三个月、五个月、七个月、一岁和两岁时常规儿童疫苗接种的疫苗接种覆盖率，每个出生队列年和每个司法管辖区都有 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 系列（≥4 剂 DTaP、≥3 剂脊髓灰质炎、≥1 剂麻疹、≥3 剂 Hib、≥3 剂乙型肝炎、≥1 剂水痘和≥4 剂肺炎球菌结合疫苗）。
总体而言，与 2016 年出生的儿童相比，2020 年出生的儿童 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 系列疫苗接种率下降了 10.4 个百分点。截至 2022 年 12 月 31 日，分别有 71.0%和 71.3%的 2016 年和 2017 年出生的儿童在两岁时完成了常规儿童疫苗接种，而 2018 年、2019 年和 2020 年出生的儿童分别为 69.1%、64.7%和 60.6%。
常规儿童疫苗接种率下降令人担忧。为了保护人群健康，医疗保健提供者、学校、家长以及州、地方和联邦政府需要共同努力，在 COVID-19 大流行期间应对疫苗接种率下降的情况，通过维持高水平的人群免疫力来预防疫苗可预防疾病的爆发。
