MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Apr 22;71(16):561-568. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7116a1.
State and local school vaccination requirements serve to protect students against vaccine-preventable diseases (1). This report summarizes data collected for the 2020-21 school year by state and local immunization programs* on vaccination coverage among children in kindergarten in 47 states and the District of Columbia (DC), exemptions for kindergartners in 48 states and DC, and provisional enrollment or grace period status for kindergartners in 28 states. Vaccination coverage nationally was 93.9% for 2 doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); 93.6% for the state-required number of doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); and 93.6% for the state-required doses of varicella vaccine. Compared with the 2019-20 school year, vaccination coverage decreased by approximately one percentage point for all vaccines. Although 2.2% of kindergartners had an exemption from at least one vaccine, an additional 3.9% who did not have a vaccine exemption were not up to date for MMR. The COVID-19 pandemic affected schools' vaccination requirement and provisional enrollment policies, documentation, and assessment activities. As schools continue to return to in-person learning, enforcement of vaccination policies and follow-up with undervaccinated students are important to improve vaccination coverage.
州和地方学校的疫苗接种要求旨在保护学生免受可通过疫苗预防的疾病的侵害（1）。本报告总结了 2020-21 学年各州和地方免疫项目收集的数据*，内容涉及 47 个州和哥伦比亚特区（DC）幼儿园儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率、48 个州和 DC 幼儿园儿童的疫苗接种豁免情况，以及 28 个州幼儿园儿童的临时注册或宽限期情况。全国范围内，麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗（MMR）的两剂接种率为 93.9%；白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳疫苗（DTaP）的州要求剂量接种率为 93.6%；州要求剂量的水痘疫苗接种率为 93.6%。与 2019-20 学年相比，所有疫苗的接种率都下降了约一个百分点。尽管有 2.2%的幼儿园儿童至少有一种疫苗豁免，但仍有 3.9%未获得疫苗豁免的儿童未完成 MMR 疫苗的接种。COVID-19 大流行影响了学校的疫苗接种要求和临时注册政策、文件和评估活动。随着学校继续恢复面对面教学，执行疫苗接种政策并对未充分接种疫苗的学生进行跟踪是提高疫苗接种覆盖率的重要措施。
