Toomey Traci L, Mark Gabrielle, Scholz Natalie, Schriemer Daniel, Delehanty Eileen, Lenk Kathleen, MacLehose Richard, Nelson Toben F
Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken). 2024 Jun;48(6):1132-1141. doi: 10.1111/acer.15325. Epub 2024 May 27.
Although the sale of alcohol to obviously intoxicated patrons (i.e., overservice) is illegal in 48 U.S. states, the likelihood of overservice at bars and restaurants has exceeded 80% across multiple studies, states, and decades. Place of last drink (POLD) enforcement is one proposed strategy to address alcohol overservice. When law enforcement agents respond to an alcohol-related incident, they ask the individuals involved where they had their last alcoholic beverage. POLD information is recorded and ideally systematically reviewed to identify locations that are frequently places of last drink. Law enforcement or other agencies may follow up with or penalize the alcohol license holder at these locations. We compared the likelihood of overservice in communities conducting POLD with communities that did not conduct POLD in Minnesota.
Pseudo-intoxicated patrons acted out signs of obvious intoxication while attempting to purchase alcohol at 396 bars and restaurants in 26 communities conducting POLD and 26 comparison communities. We calculated rates of alcohol sales to the pseudo-intoxicated patrons overall and in POLD communities versus comparison communities.
The overall sales rate to the pseudo-intoxicated buyers was 98%. Rates of sales were 99% at establishments in POLD jurisdictions and 97% in comparison jurisdictions. There were no common characteristics, such as perceived gender/age of the server/bartender or crowdedness of the establishment, among the seven establishments that refused alcohol service.
Our study shows that, as currently implemented in Minnesota, POLD does not reduce the overservice of alcohol at a jurisdiction level. More research is needed to identify interventions that yield sustained reductions in the overservice of alcohol.
尽管在美国48个州向明显醉酒的顾客售酒（即过度服务）是违法的，但在多项研究、多个州以及数十年间，酒吧和餐馆过度服务的可能性超过了80%。最后饮酒地点（POLD）执法是一种为解决酒精过度服务问题而提出的策略。当执法人员对与酒精相关的事件做出回应时，他们会询问相关人员他们最后一杯酒精饮料是在哪里喝的。POLD信息会被记录下来，理想情况下会进行系统审查，以确定那些经常是最后饮酒地点的场所。执法部门或其他机构可能会对这些场所的酒类许可证持有者进行跟进或处罚。我们比较了明尼苏达州实施POLD的社区与未实施POLD的社区中过度服务的可能性。
在26个实施POLD的社区和26个对照社区的396家酒吧和餐馆中，假装醉酒的顾客在试图购买酒精时表现出明显醉酒的迹象。我们计算了向假装醉酒顾客售酒的总体比率，以及在实施POLD的社区与对照社区中的售酒比率。
向假装醉酒顾客的总体销售率为98%。在实施POLD辖区的场所销售率为99%，在对照辖区为97%。在七家拒绝提供酒精服务的场所中，没有共同特征，如服务员/酒保的感知性别/年龄或场所的拥挤程度。
我们的研究表明，就明尼苏达州目前的实施情况而言，POLD在辖区层面上并没有减少酒精的过度服务。需要更多的研究来确定能持续减少酒精过度服务的干预措施。
