Akio Morita School of Business, Anaheim University, 1240 South State College Blvd., Anaheim, CA, 92806, USA.
Internal Medicine, Griffin Hospital, 130 Division Street, Derby, CT, 06418, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2024;1451:317-330. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_20.
Monkeypox has been endemic in Congo and Nigeria for at least five decades. Since early May 2022, there have been numerous unprecedented outbreaks throughout the world in places without any previously reported cases. While a majority of the diagnosed cases have been within Europe and the Americas, several cases have occurred in non-endemic African countries. As of December 2022, 82,999 cases had been reported globally, prompting concern among the World Health Organization (WHO) members. While the WHO has not labeled this epidemic a Global Health Emergency, member states have begun to put forward plans to consolidate their emergency vaccine stockpiles and share the limited number of vaccines made by the single FDA-approved manufacturer, Bavarian Nordic. Many countries are concerned about how vaccines will be shared. Some of the larger donor States are positioned to be the biggest beneficiaries of vaccine sharing, while States from areas that have been suffering from the virus since the 1970s have not been allocated any. This pattern of vaccine distribution echoes that seen during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the similarities between Monkeypox and Smallpox, contact precautions and vaccination seem to be effective strategies to combat its rapid spread. We aim to evaluate how an eradication program model similar to that used for Smallpox can be applied to Monkeypox, and whether it can address vaccine inequity. To do this, we use a multi-pronged approach targeting disease surveillance, vaccine awareness, manufacturing, cost, and distribution strategies.
猴痘在刚果和尼日利亚已经流行了至少五十年。自 2022 年 5 月初以来，在世界范围内许多以前没有报告过病例的地方发生了无数次前所未有的疫情爆发。虽然大多数确诊病例都在欧洲和美洲，但也有一些发生在非流行非洲国家。截至 2022 年 12 月，全球已报告 82999 例病例，引起世界卫生组织（WHO）成员的关注。虽然世卫组织尚未将此次疫情列为全球卫生紧急事件，但成员国已开始提出计划，以巩固其紧急疫苗储备，并分享由单一获得美国食品和药物管理局批准的制造商巴伐利亚 Nordic 生产的有限数量的疫苗。许多国家都担心疫苗将如何分配。一些较大的捐助国将成为疫苗共享的最大受益者，而自 20 世纪 70 年代以来一直遭受该病毒影响的国家则没有分配到任何疫苗。这种疫苗分配模式反映了在 COVID-19 大流行早期阶段看到的情况。由于猴痘和天花之间的相似性，接触预防措施和接种疫苗似乎是控制其快速传播的有效策略。我们旨在评估类似于用于天花的根除计划模型如何应用于猴痘，以及它是否可以解决疫苗不平等问题。为此，我们采用多管齐下的方法，针对疾病监测、疫苗意识、制造、成本和分配策略。
