State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environment Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2024 Oct;144:185-198. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.08.012. Epub 2023 Aug 24.
There is a large surface-groundwater exchange downstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and antibiotics upstream may influence sites downstream of rivers. Thus, samples from 9 effluent-receiving urban rivers (ERURs) and 12 groundwater sites were collected in Shijiazhuang City in December 2020 and April 2021. For ERURs, 8 out of 13 target quinolone antibiotics (QNs) were detected, and the total concentration of QNs in December and April were 100.6-4,398 ng/L and 8.02-2,476 ng/L, respectively. For groundwater, all target QNs were detected, and the total QNs concentration was 1.09-23.03 ng/L for December and 4.54-170.3 ng/L for April. The distribution of QNs was dissimilar between ERURs and groundwater. Most QN concentrations were weakly correlated with land use types in the system. The results of a positive matrix factorization model (PMF) indicated four potential sources of QNs in both ERURs and groundwater, and WWTP effluents were the main source of QNs. From December to April, the contribution of WWTP effluents and agricultural emissions increased, while livestock activities decreased. Singular value decomposition (SVD) results showed that the spatial variation of most QNs was mainly contributed by sites downstream (7.09%-88.86%) of ERURs. Then, a new method that combined the results of SVD and PMF was developed for a specific-source-site risk quotient (SRQ), and the SRQ for QNs was at high level, especially for the sites downstream of WWTPs. Regarding temporal variation, the SRQ for WWTP effluents, aquaculture, and agricultural emissions increased. Therefore, in order to control the antibiotic pollution, more attention should be paid to WWTP effluents, aquaculture, and agricultural emission sources for the benefit of sites downstream of WWTPs.
在污水处理厂（WWTP）下游存在着大量的地表水-地下水交换，上游的抗生素可能会影响河流下游的地点。因此，2020 年 12 月和 2021 年 4 月在石家庄市采集了 9 个污水受纳城市河流（ERURs）和 12 个地下水点的样本。对于 ERURs，检测到了 13 种目标喹诺酮类抗生素（QNs）中的 8 种，12 月和 4 月 QNs 的总浓度分别为 100.6-4398ng/L 和 8.02-2476ng/L。对于地下水，所有目标 QNs 均被检测到，12 月和 4 月的总 QNs 浓度分别为 1.09-23.03ng/L 和 4.54-170.3ng/L。ERURs 和地下水之间的 QNs 分布不同。系统中大多数 QN 浓度与土地利用类型呈弱相关。正矩阵因子模型（PMF）的结果表明，在 ERURs 和地下水中有四个潜在的 QNs 源，而 WWTP 废水是 QNs 的主要来源。从 12 月到 4 月，WWTP 废水和农业排放的贡献增加，而畜牧业活动减少。奇异值分解（SVD）结果表明，大多数 QNs 的空间变化主要由 ERURs 下游的站点（7.09%-88.86%）贡献。然后，开发了一种结合 SVD 和 PMF 结果的新方法，用于特定源-地点风险商数（SRQ），QNs 的 SRQ 处于高水平，尤其是 WWTP 下游的站点。关于时间变化，WWTP 废水、水产养殖和农业排放的 SRQ 增加。因此，为了控制抗生素污染，应更加关注 WWTP 废水、水产养殖和农业排放源，以造福 WWTP 下游的地点。
