Laboratorio de Eco-Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Parasit Vectors. 2024 May 27;17(1):240. doi: 10.1186/s13071-024-06324-3.
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is still a public health problem in Latin America and in the Southern Cone countries, where Triatoma infestans is the main vector. We evaluated the relationships among the density of green vegetation around rural houses, sociodemographic characteristics, and domestic (re)infestation with T. infestans while accounting for their spatial dependence in the municipality of Pampa del Indio between 2007 and 2016.
The study comprised sociodemographic and ecological variables from 734 rural houses with no missing data. Green vegetation density surrounding houses was estimated by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We used a hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression composed of fixed effects and spatial random effects to estimate domestic infestation risk and quantile regressions to evaluate the association between surrounding NDVI and selected sociodemographic variables.
Qom ethnicity and the number of poultry were negatively associated with surrounding NDVI, whereas overcrowding was positively associated with surrounding NDVI. Hierarchical Bayesian models identified that domestic infestation was positively associated with surrounding NDVI, suitable walls for triatomines, and overcrowding over both intervention periods. Preintervention domestic infestation also was positively associated with Qom ethnicity. Models with spatial random effects performed better than models without spatial effects. The former identified geographic areas with a domestic infestation risk not accounted for by fixed-effect variables.
Domestic infestation with T. infestans was associated with the density of green vegetation surrounding rural houses and social vulnerability over a decade of sustained vector control interventions. High density of green vegetation surrounding rural houses was associated with households with more vulnerable social conditions. Evaluation of domestic infestation risk should simultaneously consider social, landscape and spatial effects to control for their mutual dependency. Hierarchical Bayesian models provided a proficient methodology to identify areas for targeted triatomine and disease surveillance and control.
恰加斯病由克氏锥虫引起，在拉丁美洲和南锥体国家仍然是一个公共卫生问题，在这些国家中，三带喙库蚊是主要的传播媒介。我们评估了 2007 年至 2016 年期间，农村房屋周围绿色植被密度、社会人口特征与三带喙库蚊的家庭（再）感染之间的关系，同时考虑了它们在潘帕德尔因迪奥市的空间依赖性。
该研究包括 734 户农村房屋的社会人口学和生态学变量，且无缺失数据。用归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）来估计房屋周围的绿色植被密度。我们使用固定效应和空间随机效应组成的分层贝叶斯逻辑回归来估计家庭感染风险，并使用分位数回归来评估周围 NDVI 与选定的社会人口学变量之间的关系。
克丘亚族和家禽数量与周围 NDVI 呈负相关，而过度拥挤与周围 NDVI 呈正相关。分层贝叶斯模型发现，家庭感染与周围 NDVI、适合三带喙库蚊的墙壁以及两个干预期的过度拥挤均呈正相关。干预前家庭感染也与克丘亚族呈正相关。具有空间随机效应的模型比没有空间效应的模型表现更好。前者确定了家庭感染风险在固定效应变量之外的地理区域。
在持续进行了十年的病媒控制干预之后，三带喙库蚊在农村房屋周围绿色植被密度和社会脆弱性方面与家庭感染有关。农村房屋周围绿色植被密度高与社会条件脆弱的家庭有关。评估家庭感染风险应同时考虑社会、景观和空间效应，以控制它们的相互依存关系。分层贝叶斯模型提供了一种有效的方法来确定针对三带喙库蚊和疾病监测和控制的目标区域。
