Hamdi Abdeljalil, Daoudi Walid, Aaddouz Mohamed, Azzouzi Mohamed, Amhamdi Hassan, Elyoussfi Abdellah, Aatiaoui Abdelmalik El, Verma Dakeshwar Kumar, Abboud Mohamed, Ahari M'hamed
Applied Chemistry Research Unit, FSTH, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, AL Hoceima, Tetouan, Morocco.
Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCM2E), Departement of Chemistry, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University Mohamed I, 60700 Nador, Morocco.
Heliyon. 2024 May 16;10(10):e31253. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31253. eCollection 2024 May 30.
The imidazole nucleus represents a significant group of heterocyclic molecules with diverse significance in the modern world due to its exploration potential and various pharmacological applications. The relevance of imidazole and its derivatives has gained popularity in recent years, especially in the production of commercial drugs and the treatment of various conditions. The imidazole nucleus is present in many natural compounds and widely distributed in essential amino acids, such as l-histidine, whose derivatives exhibit powerful pharmacological properties. In this review, we delve into the historical timeline and development of synthetic pathways for tri- and tetra-substituted imidazoles used in the renowned reaction. Furthermore, we explore various bacteriological applications documented in the literature, as well as current advances in preclinical approaches to imidazole-based drug discovery. Tri- or tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives show strong potential for new synthesis methods, such as reflux or microwave, as well as various biological activities.
咪唑核代表了一类重要的杂环分子，由于其具有探索潜力和多种药理应用，在现代社会具有多种重要意义。近年来，咪唑及其衍生物的相关性日益受到关注，特别是在商业药物生产和各种疾病治疗方面。咪唑核存在于许多天然化合物中，并广泛分布于必需氨基酸中，如L-组氨酸，其衍生物具有强大的药理特性。在本综述中，我们深入探讨了用于著名反应的三取代和四取代咪唑的合成途径的历史沿革和发展。此外，我们还探索了文献中记载的各种细菌学应用，以及基于咪唑的药物发现的临床前方法的当前进展。三取代或四取代咪唑衍生物在新的合成方法（如回流或微波法）以及各种生物活性方面显示出强大的潜力。
