Toxicity of UV Filter Benzophenone-3 in Brine Shrimp Nauplii () and Zebrafish () Embryos.

The benzophenone (BP) family, including oxybenzone (BP-3), a prevalent sunscreen ingredient and environmental contaminant, has raised concerns since the year 2005. This study investigated oxybenzone toxicity in zebrafish () eleutheroembryos and brine shrimp () nauplii, focusing on the LC and developmental impacts. Zebrafish embryos (0.100-1.50 mg/L BP-3, 96 h) and (0.100-5.00 mg/L BP-3, 48 h) were tested with ultrasound-assisted emulsified liquid-phase microextraction (UA-ELPME) used for zebrafish tissue analysis. HPLC-DAD determined BP-3 concentrations (highest: 0.74 ± 0.13 mg/L). Although no significant zebrafish embryo mortality or hatching changes occurred, developmental effects were evident. Lethal concentrations were determined ( LC at 24 h = 3.19 ± 2.02 mg/L; embryos LC at 24 h = 4.19 ± 3.60 mg/L), with malformations indicating potential teratogenic effects. displayed intestinal tract alterations and embryos exhibited pericardial edema and spinal deformities. These findings highlight oxybenzone's environmental risks, posing threats to species and ecosystem health.