Mellado-García Elena, Díaz-Rodríguez Lourdes, Cortés-Martín Jonathan, Sánchez-García Juan Carlos, Piqueras-Sola Beatriz, Higuero Macías Juan Carlos, Rodríguez-Blanque Raquel
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain.
Nurs Rep. 2024 May 20;14(2):1251-1259. doi: 10.3390/nursrep14020095.
The use of hydrotherapy during childbirth has gained relevance due to the demand for natural childbirth and greater respect for the woman's choice. Studies have shown benefits such as less use of epidural analgesia, increased ability to cope with pain, shorter labor, and a better overall birth experience.
The main objective of this study was to generate further evidence on maternal and birth outcomes associated with the use of hydrotherapy during labor, specifically aiming to describe the effects of water immersion during all stages of labor (first, second, and third) on women.
A retrospective cohort study was carried out on a random sample of women who gave birth at the Costa del Sol Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020. The calculated sample size was 377 women and the data were extracted from their partograms. After data extraction, two groups were formed: one group used hydrotherapy during childbirth ( = 124), while the other group included women who did not use hydrotherapy during the childbirth process ( = 253).
The results highlight significant differences in pain perception, analgesia use, types of labor, and delivery times between the two groups. Women who did not use hydrotherapy reported higher pain perception, with a median (IQR) of 8 (7-9) on a numerical scale, compared to a median (IQR) of 6 (5-7) for the hydrotherapy group. Furthermore, the group without hydrotherapy required epidural analgesia in 40% of cases, while in the hydrotherapy group, it was only necessary in 20%. In terms of the type of delivery, the hydrotherapy group had more spontaneous vaginal deliveries compared to the non-hydrotherapy group, which had more operative vaginal deliveries. The overall duration of labor was longer in the hydrotherapy group, especially in women who arrived at the hospital late in labor.
Hydrotherapy is associated with a longer time to delivery. Women with a higher pain tolerance tend to opt for hydrotherapy instead of epidural analgesia.
由于对自然分娩的需求以及对女性选择的更多尊重，分娩期间水疗法的使用变得越来越重要。研究表明，水疗法有诸多益处，如减少硬膜外镇痛的使用、增强应对疼痛的能力、缩短产程以及带来更好的整体分娩体验。
本研究的主要目的是进一步提供与分娩期间使用水疗法相关的产妇和分娩结局的证据，具体旨在描述分娩各阶段（第一、第二和第三阶段）水浸对女性的影响。
对2010年1月至2020年12月在太阳海岸医院分娩的女性进行随机抽样，开展一项回顾性队列研究。计算得出的样本量为377名女性，数据从她们的产程图中提取。数据提取后，分为两组：一组在分娩期间使用水疗法（n = 124），另一组包括在分娩过程中未使用水疗法的女性（n = 253）。
结果凸显了两组在疼痛感知、镇痛使用、分娩类型和分娩时间方面的显著差异。未使用水疗法的女性报告的疼痛感知更高，数字评分中位数（四分位间距）为8（7 - 9），而水疗法组的中位数（四分位间距）为6（5 - 7）。此外，未用水疗法组40%的病例需要硬膜外镇痛，而水疗法组仅20%有此必要。在分娩类型方面，与非水疗法组相比，水疗法组有更多自然阴道分娩，而非水疗法组有更多手术助产分娩。水疗法组的总产程更长，尤其是那些临产后才入院的女性。
水疗法与更长的分娩时间相关。疼痛耐受性较高的女性倾向于选择水疗法而非硬膜外镇痛。
