Mellado-García Elena, Díaz-Rodríguez Lourdes, Cortés-Martín Jonathan, Sánchez-García Juan Carlos, Piqueras-Sola Beatriz, Prieto Franganillo María Montserrat, Rodríguez-Blanque Raquel
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain.
J Clin Med. 2024 May 31;13(11):3260. doi: 10.3390/jcm13113260.
: the benefits of water are significant during the birth process. Improved maternal experience of labor, less use of epidurals, better pain management, shorter labor, and a greater sense of control are observed during the birth process. : This report aims to determine the benefits of hydrotherapy in clinical childbirth approaches and its applicability in pain control. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials selected from various databases with no publication date limits was conducted, comparing groups that did not use hydrotherapy with groups that did during labor. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria, with five articles using hot water immersion and two using hot water shower as hydrotherapy treatments. This study identified 840 participants, with the intervention groups including 417 term pregnant women and the control groups including 423 pregnant women. The effect size of hydrotherapy on pain was calculated using the visual analog scale in five articles and analgesic use in the other two articles. Hydrotherapy significantly reduced pain during labor with a mean difference of -0.97 (95% CI: -1.91 to -0.03; I = 97.32%, < 0.001). The duration of the first stage of labor was not significantly affected, with a mean difference of -0.17 h (95% CI: -0.55 to 0.21; I = 56.75%, = 0.059). Additionally, hydrotherapy did not significantly impact the newborns' Apgar scores at 5 min, with a mean difference of 0.18 (95% CI: -0.48 to 0.85; I = 2.15%, = 0.939). Hydrotherapy is beneficial for pain control in the first stage of labor and does not increase its duration or negatively affect the Apgar score of newborns.
在分娩过程中，水的益处显著。在分娩过程中可观察到产妇的分娩体验得到改善、硬膜外麻醉的使用减少、疼痛管理更好、产程缩短以及控制感增强。本报告旨在确定水疗法在临床分娩方法中的益处及其在疼痛控制中的适用性。我们对从各种数据库中选取的无出版日期限制的随机临床试验进行了荟萃分析，比较了分娩期间未使用水疗法的组和使用水疗法的组。七篇文章符合纳入标准，其中五篇文章使用热水浸泡，两篇文章使用热水淋浴作为水疗法。本研究确定了840名参与者，干预组包括417名足月孕妇，对照组包括423名孕妇。五篇文章使用视觉模拟量表，另外两篇文章使用镇痛药物使用情况来计算水疗法对疼痛的效应量。水疗法显著减轻了分娩期间的疼痛，平均差值为 -0.97（95%CI：-1.91至 -0.03；I² = 97.32%，P < 0.001）。第一产程的持续时间未受到显著影响，平均差值为 -0.17小时（95%CI：-0.55至0.21；I² = 56.75%，P = 0.059）。此外，水疗法对新生儿5分钟时的阿氏评分没有显著影响，平均差值为0.18（95%CI：-0.48至0.85；I² = 2.15%，P = 0.939）。水疗法有利于第一产程的疼痛控制，不会增加产程持续时间，也不会对新生儿的阿氏评分产生负面影响。
