Department of Bacteriology, Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Biosciences, Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 May 14;14:1407863. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1407863. eCollection 2024.
The genus , which colonizes mucosal surfaces, includes both commensal and pathogenic species that are exclusive to humans. The two pathogenic species are closely related but cause quite different diseases, meningococcal sepsis and meningitis () and sexually transmitted gonorrhea ). Although obvious differences in bacterial niches and mechanisms for transmission exists, pathogenic have high levels of conservation at the levels of nucleotide sequences, gene content and synteny. Species of express broad-spectrum -linked protein glycosylation where the glycoproteins are largely transmembrane proteins or lipoproteins localized on the cell surface or in the periplasm. There are diverse functions among the identified glycoproteins, for example type IV biogenesis proteins, proteins involved in antimicrobial resistance, as well as surface proteins that have been suggested as vaccine candidates. The most abundant glycoprotein, PilE, is the major subunit of pili which are an important colonization factor. The glycans attached can vary extensively due to phase variation of protein glycosylation ( genes and polymorphic gene content. The exact roles of glycosylation in remains to be determined, but increasing evidence suggests that glycan variability can be a strategy to evade the human immune system. In addition, pathogenic and commensal appear to have significant glycosylation differences. Here, the current knowledge and implications of protein glycosylation genes, glycan diversity, glycoproteins and immunogenicity in pathogenic are summarized and discussed.
该属定植于黏膜表面，包括专性寄生于人和引起疾病的共生菌和致病菌。两种致病菌虽然密切相关，但引起的疾病却大不相同，脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起败血病和脑膜炎（），淋病奈瑟菌引起性传播淋病。虽然致病菌的细菌生境和传播机制明显不同，但在核苷酸序列、基因组成和基因排列上具有高度保守性。 表达广谱的与-连接的蛋白糖基化，糖蛋白主要是跨膜蛋白或脂蛋白，定位于细胞表面或周质中。已鉴定的糖蛋白具有多种功能，例如 IV 型生物发生蛋白、参与抗菌药物耐药性的蛋白，以及被认为是疫苗候选物的表面蛋白。最丰富的糖蛋白 PilE 是菌毛的主要亚基，菌毛是一种重要的定植因子。由于蛋白糖基化的表型变异（基因和多态性 基因组成），连接的聚糖可以广泛变化。糖基化在 中的确切作用仍有待确定，但越来越多的证据表明，聚糖的变异性可能是逃避人体免疫系统的一种策略。此外，致病菌和共生菌似乎具有显著的糖基化差异。本文总结和讨论了致病性 中蛋白糖基化基因、聚糖多样性、糖蛋白和免疫原性的最新知识和意义。
