Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Louisiana, LA, United States.
LSU Health Shreveport, School of Medicine, Louisiana, LA, United States.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 May 14;14:1384611. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1384611. eCollection 2024.
is a uniquely adapted human pathogen and the etiological agent of gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease. has developed numerous mechanisms to avoid and actively suppress innate and adaptive immune responses. successfully colonizes and establishes topologically distinct colonies in human macrophages and avoids phagocytic killing. During colonization, manipulates the actin cytoskeleton to invade and create an intracellular niche supportive of bacterial replication. The cellular reservoir(s) supporting bacterial replication and persistence in gonorrhea infections are poorly defined. The manner in which gonococci colonize macrophages points to this innate immune phagocyte as a strong candidate for a cellular niche during natural infection. Here we investigate whether nutrients availability and immunological polarization alter macrophage colonization by . Differentiation of macrophages in pro-inflammatory (M1-like) and tolerogenic (M2-like) phenotypes prior to infection reveals that can invade macrophages in all activation states, albeit with lower efficiency in M1-like macrophages. These results suggest that during natural infection, bacteria could invade and grow within macrophages regardless of the nutrients availability and the macrophage immune activation status.
淋病奈瑟菌是一种特异地适应人体的病原体，也是淋病的病原体，淋病是一种性传播疾病。淋病奈瑟菌已经开发出许多机制来避免和积极抑制先天和适应性免疫反应。淋病奈瑟菌成功地定植并在人巨噬细胞中建立拓扑上不同的菌落，并避免吞噬杀伤。在定植过程中，淋病奈瑟菌操纵肌动蛋白细胞骨架入侵并创建支持细菌复制的细胞内小生境。支持淋病奈瑟菌在感染中复制和持续存在的细胞库定义较差。淋病奈瑟菌定植巨噬细胞的方式表明，这种先天免疫吞噬细胞是自然感染期间细胞小生境的一个强有力候选者。在这里，我们研究了营养物质的可用性和免疫极化是否会改变 对巨噬细胞的定植。在感染前将巨噬细胞分化为促炎（M1 样）和耐受（M2 样）表型，结果表明，无论营养物质的可用性和巨噬细胞免疫激活状态如何，淋病奈瑟菌都可以入侵所有激活状态的巨噬细胞，但在 M1 样巨噬细胞中的入侵效率较低。这些结果表明，在自然感染过程中，细菌可以入侵和在巨噬细胞内生长，而不受营养物质的可用性和巨噬细胞免疫激活状态的影响。
