Rothwell N J, Stock M J, Warwick B P
Metabolism. 1985 Jan;34(1):43-7. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(85)90058-7.
Gastric intubation with 40 kJ of a carbohydrate slurry (4 mL) produced increases in resting oxygen consumption (VO2) of 15% to 22% in control, cold-adapted, and hyperthyroid rats, but the absolute rise in metabolic rate after food was greater in the latter group. Tube-feeding methyl cellulose (4 mL, 7% wt/vol) evoked similar increases in VO2 to carbohydrate (15% to 23%), but all of these responses were inhibited by beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. In cold-adapted animals, fat (40 kJ, 1.2 mL) produced a greater thermic effect than carbohydrate or methyl cellulose, and water (4 mL) also induced a small (8%), significant increase in VO2. Treatment with diazoxide shortly before the meal, to inhibit insulin release, almost completely inhibited the thermic responses to carbohydrate and methyl cellulose in all groups, but did not alter the effects of fat or water. Ingestion of a nonmetabolizable substance (methyl cellulose), would appear to stimulate metabolic rate to a similar extent to carbohydrate, possibly by causing gastric distention. Thermic effects of both these substances appear to involve insulin release and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. The thermic response to fat can also be inhibited by beta-adrenergic blockade, but apparently does not involve insulin release.
给对照、冷适应和甲状腺功能亢进的大鼠胃内插管注入40千焦的碳水化合物浆液（4毫升），可使静息耗氧量（VO₂）增加15%至22%，但后一组大鼠进食后代谢率的绝对升高幅度更大。管饲甲基纤维素（4毫升，7%重量/体积）引起的VO₂增加与碳水化合物相似（15%至23%），但所有这些反应都被普萘洛尔的β-肾上腺素能阻断所抑制。在冷适应的动物中，脂肪（40千焦，1.2毫升）产生的热效应比碳水化合物或甲基纤维素更大，水（4毫升）也可使VO₂小幅（8%）显著增加。餐前不久用二氮嗪治疗以抑制胰岛素释放，几乎完全抑制了所有组对碳水化合物和甲基纤维素的热反应，但未改变脂肪或水的作用。摄入不可代谢物质（甲基纤维素）似乎能以与碳水化合物相似的程度刺激代谢率，可能是通过引起胃扩张。这两种物质的热效应似乎都涉及胰岛素释放和交感神经系统的激活。对脂肪的热反应也可被β-肾上腺素能阻断所抑制，但显然不涉及胰岛素释放。
