RAM Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, University of Twente, the Netherlands.
Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2024 Jun;11(6):1604-1614. doi: 10.1002/acn3.52045. Epub 2024 May 29.
Mid-life cardiovascular risk factors are associated with later cognitive decline. Whether repetitive head injury among professional athletes impacts cardiovascular risk is unknown. We investigated associations between concussion burden and postcareer hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes among former professional American-style football (ASF) players.
In a cross-sectional study of 4080 professional ASF players conducted between January 2015 and March 2022, we used an mulitsymptom concussion symptom score (CSS) and the number of loss-of-consciousness (LOC) episodes as a single severe symptom to quantify football-related concussion exposure. Primary outcomes were hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, defined by current or recommended prescription medication use.
The prevalence of hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes among former players (52 ± 14 years of age) was 37%, 34%, and 9%. Concussion burden was significantly associated with hypertension (lowest vs. highest CSS quartile, odds ratio (OR) = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.33-2.98; p < 0.01) and high cholesterol (lowest vs. moderate CSS, OR = 1.46, 95%CI, 1.11-1.91; p < 0.01), but not diabetes. In fully adjusted models, the prevalence of multiple CVD was associated with CSS. These results were driven by younger former players (≤ 40 year of age) in which the odds of hypertension were over three times higher in those in the highest CSS quartile (OR = 3.29, 95%CI: 1.39-7.61; p = 0.01). Results were similar for LOC analyses.
Prior concussion burden is associated with postcareer atherogenic cardiovascular risk profiles among former professional American football players.
中年心血管危险因素与日后认知能力下降有关。职业运动员的重复性头部损伤是否会影响心血管风险尚不清楚。我们调查了前美式足球（ASF）职业运动员脑震荡负担与退役后高血压、高胆固醇和糖尿病之间的关系。
在 2015 年 1 月至 2022 年 3 月期间进行的一项 4080 名前职业 ASF 运动员的横断面研究中，我们使用多症状脑震荡症状评分（CSS）和意识丧失（LOC）发作次数作为单一严重症状来量化与足球相关的脑震荡暴露情况。主要结局是高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病，定义为当前或推荐使用的处方药物。
前运动员（52±14 岁）的高血压、高胆固醇和糖尿病患病率分别为 37%、34%和 9%。脑震荡负担与高血压显著相关（最低与最高 CSS 四分位数相比，比值比（OR）=1.99；95%CI：1.33-2.98；p<0.01）和高胆固醇（最低与中度 CSS 相比，OR=1.46，95%CI，1.11-1.91；p<0.01），但与糖尿病无关。在完全调整的模型中，心血管疾病（CVD）的多种疾病的患病率与 CSS 相关。这些结果是由年龄较小的前运动员（≤40 岁）驱动的，在 CSS 最高四分位数的患者中，高血压的几率高出三倍以上（OR=3.29，95%CI：1.39-7.61；p=0.01）。LOC 分析的结果相似。
既往脑震荡负担与前美式足球职业运动员退役后动脉粥样硬化性心血管风险特征有关。
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