UNLABELLED

Broad-spectrum ampicillin-resistant and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, particularly and that have pathological features in humans, have become a global concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular genetic features of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and isolates in Southern Thailand. Between January and August 2021, samples ( = 199) were collected from a tertiary care hospital in Southern Thailand. ESBL and AmpC-lactamase genes were identified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genetic relationship between ESBL-producing and was determined using the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction. ESBL-producing and isolates were mostly collected from catheter urine samples of infected female patients. The ESBL production prevalence was highest in the medical wards ( = 75, 37.7%), followed by that in surgical wards ( = 64, 32.2%) and operating rooms ( = 19, 9.5%). Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that all isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime; 79.4% were resistant to ciprofloxacin; and 64.3% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In ESBL-producing and , ( = 57, 72.2%) and ( = 61, 50.8%) genes were prominent; however, no , , or were found in any of these isolates. Furthermore, only ESBL-producing had co-harbored and genes at 11.6%. The ERIC-PCR pattern of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing strains demonstrated that the isolates were clonally related (95%). Notably, the presence of multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant ESBL producers was 83.4% and 16.6%, respectively. This study highlights the presence of , , and co-harbored genes in ESBL-producing bacterial isolates from hospitalized patients, which are associated with considerable resistance to beta-lactamase and third-generation cephalosporins.

IMPORTANCE

We advocate for evidence-based guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship programs to encourage rational and appropriate antibiotic use, ultimately reducing the selection pressure for drug-resistant bacteria and lowering the likelihood of ESBL-producing bacterial infections.