Steedle J R, Proffit W R
Am J Orthod. 1985 Jan;87(1):56-66. doi: 10.1016/0002-9416(85)90174-5.
Assumptions about eruptive tooth movements based on experience with adolescents may not be applicable to all ages. The eruptive process can be subdivided into six phases--three profunctional stages of individual tooth eruption (follicular growth, pre-emergent eruptive spurt, and postemergent eruptive spurt) and three postfunctional stages of the eruption of the entire dentition (juvenile occlusal equilibrium, circumpubertal occlusal eruptive spurt, and adult occlusal equilibrium). Differences in tooth-eruption rates in each of these phases result from variations in systemic and local factors. A series of working hypotheses which incorporate recent research into a theoretical explanation of the control of eruption during each stage is presented. Prior to emergence, the force of eruption may influence the rate of bone resorption and later of gingival remodeling, but the resorptive processes occur independently and are the rate-limiting factors in pre-emergent eruption. After emergence, intermittent occlusal loading disrupts the generative or adaptive mechanisms of the periodontal ligament so that eruption slows. The light continuous forces from resting tongue pressure also are significant influences on tooth eruption during periods of rapid facial growth. Cellular adaptation of the alveolar bone and gingiva plays an important role in the control of tooth eruption in the adult.
基于青少年经验对牙齿萌出移动所做的假设可能并不适用于所有年龄段。牙齿萌出过程可细分为六个阶段——单个牙齿萌出的三个功能前期阶段（滤泡生长、萌出前快速期和萌出后快速期）以及整个牙列萌出的三个功能后期阶段（青少年咬合平衡、青春期前后咬合萌出快速期和成人咬合平衡）。这些阶段中每个阶段牙齿萌出速率的差异源于全身和局部因素的变化。本文提出了一系列工作假说，这些假说将近期研究纳入到对每个阶段萌出控制的理论解释中。在牙齿萌出前，萌出力可能会影响骨吸收速率，随后影响牙龈重塑速率，但吸收过程是独立发生的，并且是萌出前阶段的限速因素。牙齿萌出后，间歇性的咬合负荷会破坏牙周韧带的生成或适应性机制，从而使萌出减缓。在面部快速生长期间，来自静息舌压力的轻微持续力对牙齿萌出也有显著影响。牙槽骨和牙龈的细胞适应性在成人牙齿萌出控制中起着重要作用。
