Zhang Fugui, Song Jinglin, Zhang Hongmei, Huang Enyi, Song Dongzhe, Tollemar Viktor, Wang Jing, Wang Jinhua, Mohammed Maryam, Wei Qiang, Fan Jiaming, Liao Junyi, Zou Yulong, Liu Feng, Hu Xue, Qu Xiangyang, Chen Liqun, Yu Xinyi, Luu Hue H, Lee Michael J, He Tong-Chuan, Ji Ping
Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China.
Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Genes Dis. 2016 Dec;3(4):263-276. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.09.004. Epub 2016 Oct 5.
Tooth is a complex hard tissue organ and consists of multiple cell types that are regulated by important signaling pathways such as Wnt and BMP signaling. Serious injuries and/or loss of tooth or periodontal tissues may significantly impact aesthetic appearance, essential oral functions and the quality of life. Regenerative dentistry holds great promise in treating oral/dental disorders. The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion of our understanding of the biological features of dental stem cells, along with the signaling mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we first summarize the biological characteristics of seven types of dental stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, dental follicle precursor cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and MSCs from gingiva. We then focus on how these stem cells are regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and/or Wnt signaling by examining the interplays between these pathways. Lastly, we analyze the current status of dental tissue engineering strategies that utilize oral/dental stem cells by harnessing the interplays between BMP and Wnt pathways. We also highlight the challenges that must be addressed before the dental stem cells may reach any clinical applications. Thus, we can expect to witness significant progresses to be made in regenerative dentistry in the coming decade.
牙齿是一个复杂的硬组织器官，由多种细胞类型组成，这些细胞类型受Wnt和BMP信号等重要信号通路的调控。牙齿或牙周组织的严重损伤和/或缺失可能会显著影响美观、基本口腔功能和生活质量。再生牙科在治疗口腔/牙齿疾病方面具有巨大潜力。在过去十年中，我们对牙干细胞生物学特性的理解迅速扩展，同时也对调控干细胞自我更新和分化的信号机制有了更深入的认识。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了七种牙干细胞的生物学特性，包括牙髓干细胞、根尖乳头干细胞、人脱落乳牙干细胞、牙囊前体细胞、牙周膜干细胞、牙槽骨来源的间充质干细胞（MSCs）和牙龈来源的MSCs。然后，我们通过研究这些信号通路之间的相互作用，重点关注这些干细胞如何受到骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）和/或Wnt信号的调控。最后，我们分析了利用BMP和Wnt通路之间的相互作用来应用口腔/牙干细胞的牙组织工程策略的现状。我们还强调了在牙干细胞能够实现任何临床应用之前必须解决的挑战。因此，我们有望在未来十年见证再生牙科取得重大进展。
