South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa; Department of Ichthyology & Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa.
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa; Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, Netherlands; Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, Cape Town, South Africa.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Aug 15;355:124230. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124230. Epub 2024 May 27.
Industrial and urban activities are major contributors to metal contamination in coastal systems, often impacting the physiology, distribution and diversity of marine invertebrates. This study assessed metal contaminations in sediments, seawater, algae and invertebrates across four armoured systems (harbours) and two natural sites along the south coast of South Africa. Bioaccumulation factors such as Biosediment (BSAF), Biowater (BWAF), Bioaccumulation (BAF) and bioremediation of metals by invertebrate bioindicators were also determined. Spatial variation in metal concentrations were observed, however, bioaccumulation of metals was site and species-specific. Invertebrates bioaccumulated higher metal concentrations in armoured than natural sites, with filter feeders exhibiting higher concentrations than grazers. Among filter feeders, Octomeris angulosa and Crassostrea gigas bioaccumulated elevated aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), while, Perna perna accumulated elevated nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Among grazers, Siphonaria serrata and Scutellastra longicosta bioaccumulated elevated Al, Cr, Cd, cobalt (Co), Cu, Ni and Zn. Bioaccumulation factors indicated that (As, Ni, Zn) were bioaccumulated by algae, and invertebrates from sediment (BSAF>1) and from seawater (BWAF>1). Additionally, invertebrates bioaccumulated metals from their prey item, algae as indicated by (BAF>1). Arsenic Cd and Pb in invertebrates were above the maximum limit set for human consumption by various regulatory bodies. Our findings underscore the significant role of coastal invertebrates in bioaccumulating and bioremediating metals, suggesting a natural mechanism for water quality enhancement, especially in urbanised coastal areas.
工业和城市活动是导致沿海系统金属污染的主要因素，经常影响海洋无脊椎动物的生理、分布和多样性。本研究评估了南非南部沿海四个装甲系统（港口）和两个自然地点的沉积物、海水、藻类和无脊椎动物中的金属污染情况。还确定了生物浓缩因子，如生物沉积物（BSAF）、生物水（BWAF）、生物浓缩（BAF）和无脊椎动物生物标志物对金属的生物修复。观察到金属浓度的空间变化，但金属的生物浓缩是特定于地点和物种的。无脊椎动物在装甲地点比在自然地点积累了更高的金属浓度，滤食者比食草动物表现出更高的浓度。在滤食者中，Octomeris angulosa 和 Crassostrea gigas 积累了较高的铝（Al）、砷（As）、铬（Cr）、锌（Zn）和铜（Cu），而 Perna perna 积累了较高的镍（Ni）、镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）。在食草动物中，Siphonaria serrata 和 Scutellastra longicosta 积累了较高的 Al、Cr、Cd、钴（Co）、Cu、Ni 和 Zn。生物浓缩因子表明（As、Ni、Zn）被藻类、沉积物中的无脊椎动物（BSAF>1）和海水中的无脊椎动物（BWAF>1）生物浓缩。此外，如（BAF>1）所示，无脊椎动物从其猎物藻类中生物浓缩金属。无脊椎动物中的砷 Cd 和 Pb 超过了各种监管机构规定的人类食用的最高限量。我们的研究结果强调了沿海无脊椎动物在生物浓缩和生物修复金属方面的重要作用，表明这是一种增强水质的自然机制，特别是在城市化的沿海地区。
