Xie Zhouzhou, Zhuang Yiming, Peng Shansen, Zhou Xiaoqi, Zhang Guihao, Jiang Huiming, Zhang Changyi, Chen Nanhui
Meizhou Clinical Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Meizhou, China.
Department of Urology, Meizhou People's Hospital (Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences), Meizhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 May 15;11:1394618. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1394618. eCollection 2024.
Dietary strategies play a crucial role in the prevention of kidney stones. While milk is known for its rich nutritional content, its impact on kidney stone formation remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between milk consumption and the risk of kidney stones among U.S. adults.
We included 24,620 participants aged 20 and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018). Milk consumption was defined based on each participant's response to the questionnaire item on "Past 30 day milk product consumption." Kidney stones history was self-reported by participants. The analysis employed weighted multivariate logistic regression models, followed by subgroup analyses for result validation, and explored the age-related dynamics of milk consumption's effect on kidney stone risk using a restricted cubic spline model.
Adjusted findings revealed that higher milk intake was associated with a decreased risk of kidney stones (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-0.96), notably among women (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.92) but not significantly in men (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.86-1.02). Smoothed curves across all ages showed that women consuming milk had a lower incidence of kidney stones than those who did not, particularly with regular consumption.
This study uncovered that across all age groups, higher frequency of milk consumption in women is associated with a reduced risk of kidney stones. However, further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding.
饮食策略在预防肾结石方面起着至关重要的作用。虽然牛奶以其丰富的营养成分而闻名，但其对肾结石形成的影响仍不明确。本研究旨在探讨美国成年人牛奶摄入量与肾结石风险之间的关系。
我们纳入了来自国家健康与营养检查调查（2007 - 2018年）的24,620名20岁及以上的参与者。牛奶摄入量是根据每位参与者对“过去30天奶制品消费”问卷项目的回答来定义的。肾结石病史由参与者自行报告。分析采用加权多变量逻辑回归模型，随后进行亚组分析以验证结果，并使用受限立方样条模型探讨牛奶消费对肾结石风险影响的年龄相关动态变化。
校正后的结果显示，较高的牛奶摄入量与肾结石风险降低相关（优势比[OR] = 0.90，95%置信区间[CI] 0.85 - 0.96），在女性中尤为明显（OR = 0.86，95% CI 0.80 - 0.92），但在男性中无显著差异（OR = 0.94，95% CI 0.86 - 1.02）。所有年龄段的平滑曲线显示，饮用牛奶的女性肾结石发病率低于未饮用牛奶的女性，尤其是经常饮用的情况下。
本研究发现，在所有年龄组中，女性较高频率的牛奶消费与肾结石风险降低相关。然而，需要进一步的前瞻性队列研究来证实这一发现。
