Arif Talha, Nazir Faran, Aurangzeb Raja F, Hussain Mubashir, Aurangzeb Raja I, Rehman Abdur, Kumar Kabeer, Islam Rabia, Islam Hamza, Khalid Qais, Arrey Agbor Divine B, Munir Kashaf, Bokhari Syed Faqeer H, Shehryar Abdullah, Ibrahim Muhammad
Accident and Emergency, Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, PAK.
Internal Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University, Deer Park, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Apr 29;16(4):e59248. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59248. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal cancer often diagnosed at advanced stages, highlighting the urgent need for early detection strategies. This systematic review explores the potential of fecal and urinary biomarkers for early PDAC detection. A comprehensive search identified eight relevant studies investigating various biomarkers, including proteins, metabolites, microbial profiles, DNA mutations, and non-coding RNAs. Promising findings suggest that urinary biomarkers related to metabolic alterations, inflammatory processes, fecal microbiome profiles, and fecal miRNAs hold diagnostic potential even at early stages of PDAC. Combining biomarkers into panels may enhance diagnostic accuracy. Challenges such as validation in larger cohorts, standardization of protocols, and regulatory approval must be addressed for clinical translation. Despite these hurdles, non-invasive urinary and fecal biomarkers represent a promising avenue for improving PDAC outcomes through early detection.
胰腺导管腺癌（PDAC）是一种高度致命的癌症，通常在晚期才被诊断出来，这凸显了对早期检测策略的迫切需求。本系统综述探讨了粪便和尿液生物标志物在早期PDAC检测中的潜力。一项全面的搜索确定了八项相关研究，这些研究调查了各种生物标志物，包括蛋白质、代谢物、微生物谱、DNA突变和非编码RNA。有前景的研究结果表明，与代谢改变、炎症过程、粪便微生物群谱和粪便微小RNA相关的尿液生物标志物即使在PDAC的早期阶段也具有诊断潜力。将生物标志物组合成检测板可能会提高诊断准确性。对于临床转化，必须解决诸如在更大队列中进行验证、方案标准化和监管批准等挑战。尽管存在这些障碍，但非侵入性尿液和粪便生物标志物仍是通过早期检测改善PDAC治疗结果的一个有前景的途径。
