Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Department of Scientific Research, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570206, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 13;14(8):1623. doi: 10.3390/nu14081623.
Controversies around the association between dietary protein intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) persist. To the best of our knowledge, this association has not previously been reported from the perspective of dietary protein patterns. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary protein patterns and GDM risk in pregnant women, and 1014 pregnant women (20-28 weeks of gestation) were recruited in Guangzhou, China, during 2017-2018. Maternal dietary information was collected by a validated food frequency questionnaire, which covered the most common foods consumed in Guangzhou, China. GDM was identified by a 75g oral glucose tolerance test. A K-means cluster analysis was conducted to aggregate individuals into three groups, which were determined by the major sources of protein. Logistic regression was employed to explore the relationship between dietary protein patterns and the risk of GDM. Among the 1014 participants, 191 (18.84%) were diagnosed with GDM. In the total population, when comparing the highest quartile with the lowest, we found that total protein and animal protein intake increased the risk of GDM with the adjusted odds ratios (95%CI) being 6.27, 5.43 (1.71-23.03, 1.71-17.22), respectively. Pregnant women were further divided into three dietary protein patterns, namely, white meat, plant-dairy-eggs, and red meat protein patterns. Compared to women with the plant-dairy-eggs protein pattern, those with the red meat protein pattern (OR: 1.80; 95%CI: 1.06-3.07) or white meat protein pattern (OR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.04-3.24) had an increased risk of GDM. Higher dietary intakes of total or animal protein during mid-pregnancy were related to an increased risk of GDM. Furthermore, we first found that, compared to women with the plant-dairy-eggs protein pattern, women with the red meat or white meat protein patterns had a higher risk of GDM.
关于饮食蛋白质摄入与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）之间的关联仍存在争议。据我们所知，从饮食蛋白质模式的角度来看，这一关联尚未得到报道。我们旨在研究孕妇饮食蛋白质模式与 GDM 风险之间的关系，于 2017-2018 年在中国广州招募了 1014 名（妊娠 20-28 周）孕妇。通过一份经过验证的食物频率问卷收集了孕妇的饮食信息，该问卷涵盖了中国广州最常见的食物。通过 75g 口服葡萄糖耐量试验来确定 GDM。采用 K-均值聚类分析将个体分为三组，这三组由蛋白质的主要来源决定。采用逻辑回归来探讨饮食蛋白质模式与 GDM 风险之间的关系。在 1014 名参与者中，有 191 名（18.84%）被诊断为 GDM。在总人口中，与最低四分位数相比，我们发现总蛋白和动物蛋白摄入量增加了 GDM 的风险，调整后的比值比（95%CI）分别为 6.27、5.43（1.71-23.03、1.71-17.22）。进一步将孕妇分为三种饮食蛋白质模式，即白肉、植物-乳制品-蛋类和红肉蛋白质模式。与植物-乳制品-蛋类蛋白质模式的女性相比，具有红肉蛋白质模式（OR：1.80；95%CI：1.06-3.07）或白肉蛋白质模式（OR：1.83；95%CI：1.04-3.24）的女性 GDM 风险增加。妊娠中期总蛋白或动物蛋白的较高摄入量与 GDM 风险增加有关。此外，我们首次发现，与植物-乳制品-蛋类蛋白质模式的女性相比，具有红肉或白肉蛋白质模式的女性 GDM 风险更高。
