Department of Public Health and Health Policy Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-0037, Japan.
Aso Public Health Center, Kumamoto Prefecture Government, 2402 Miyaji, Ichinomiya-machi, Aso City, Kumamoto, 869-2612, Japan.
BMC Emerg Med. 2024 May 31;24(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12873-024-01009-7.
Rainfall-induced floods represented 70% of the disasters in Japan from 1985 to 2018 and caused various health problems. To improve preparedness and preventive measures, more information is needed on the health problems caused by heavy rain. However, it has proven challenging to collect health data surrounding disasters due to various inhibiting factors such as environmental hazards and logistical constraints. In response to the Kumamoto Heavy Rain 2020, Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) used J-SPEED (Japan-Surveillance in Post Extreme Emergencies and Disasters) as a daily reporting tool, collecting patient data and sending it to an EMTCC (EMT Coordination Cell) during the response. We performed a descriptive epidemiological analysis using J-SPEED data to better understand the health problems arising from the Kumamoto Heavy Rain 2020 in Japan.
During the Kumamoto Heavy Rain 2020 from July 5 to July 31, 2020, 79 EMTs used the J-SPEED form to submit daily reports to the EMTCC on the number and types of health problems they treated. We analyzed the 207 daily reports, categorizing the data by age, gender, and time period.
Among the 816 reported consultations, women accounted for 51% and men accounted for 49%. The majority of patients were elderly (62.1%), followed by adults (32.8%), and children (5%). The most common health issues included treatment interruption (12.4%), hypertension (12.0%), wounds (10.8%), minor trauma (9.6%), and disaster-related stress symptoms (7.4%). Consultations followed six phases during the disaster response, with the highest occurrence during the hyperacute and acute phases. Directly disaster-related events comprised 13.9% of consultations, indirectly related events comprised 52.0%, and unrelated events comprised 34.0%. As the response phases progressed, the proportions of directly and indirectly related events decreased while that of unrelated events increased.
By harnessing data captured by J-SPEED, this research demonstrates the feasibility of collecting, quantifying, and analyzing data using a uniform format. Comparison of the present findings with those of two previous analyses of J-SPEED data from other disaster scenarios that varied in time, location, and/or disaster type showcases the potential to use analysis of past experiences to advancing knowledge on disaster medicine and disaster public health.
1985 年至 2018 年，日本因降雨引发的洪水灾害占灾害总数的 70%，并导致了各种健康问题。为了提高应对和预防措施，需要更多关于暴雨引发的健康问题的信息。然而，由于环境危害和后勤限制等各种抑制因素，收集灾害周围的健康数据一直具有挑战性。为了应对 2020 年熊本暴雨，紧急医疗小组 (EMT) 使用 J-SPEED（日本极端紧急情况和灾害后的监测）作为日常报告工具，在应对期间收集患者数据并将其发送到 EMTCC（EMT 协调小组）。我们使用 J-SPEED 数据进行了描述性流行病学分析，以更好地了解日本 2020 年熊本暴雨引发的健康问题。
在 2020 年 7 月 5 日至 7 月 31 日期间的熊本暴雨中，79 支 EMT 使用 J-SPEED 表格向 EMTCC 提交了他们每天治疗的健康问题数量和类型的报告。我们分析了 207 份日报，按年龄、性别和时间段对数据进行分类。
在报告的 816 次就诊中，女性占 51%，男性占 49%。大多数患者为老年人（62.1%），其次是成年人（32.8%）和儿童（5%）。最常见的健康问题包括治疗中断（12.4%）、高血压（12.0%）、伤口（10.8%）、轻伤（9.6%）和与灾害相关的应激症状（7.4%）。咨询在灾害应对期间经历了六个阶段，在超急性和急性阶段发生的频率最高。直接与灾害相关的事件占咨询的 13.9%，间接相关的事件占 52.0%，无关的事件占 34.0%。随着应对阶段的推进，直接和间接相关事件的比例下降，而无关事件的比例上升。
通过利用 J-SPEED 捕获的数据，本研究证明了使用统一格式收集、量化和分析数据的可行性。将本研究结果与之前两次使用 J-SPEED 数据进行的分析进行比较，这些分析来自时间、地点和/或灾害类型不同的其他灾害场景，这表明可以利用对过去经验的分析来推进灾害医学和灾害公共卫生方面的知识。
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