Wan Wenjie, Gadd Geoffrey M, Gu Ji-Dong, Liu Wenzhi, Chen Peng, Zhang Quanfa, Yang Yuyi
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China.
Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province Wuhan China.
mLife. 2023 Mar 26;2(1):89-100. doi: 10.1002/mlf2.12062. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Deciphering biogeographic patterns of microorganisms is important for evaluating the maintenance of microbial diversity with respect to the ecosystem functions they drives. However, ecological processes shaping distribution patterns of microorganisms across large spatial-scale watersheds remain largely unknown. Using Illumina sequencing and multiple statistical methods, we characterized distribution patterns and maintenance diversity of microorganisms (i.e., archaea, bacteria, and fungi) in soils and sediments along the Yangtze River. Distinct microbial distribution patterns were found between soils and sediments, and microbial community similarity significantly decreased with increasing geographical distance. Physicochemical properties showed a larger effect on microbial community composition than geospatial and climatic factors. Archaea and fungi displayed stronger species replacements and weaker environmental constraints in soils than that in sediments, but opposite for bacteria. Archaea, bacteria, and fungi in soils showed broader environmental breadths and stronger phylogenetic signals compared to those in sediments, suggesting stronger environmental adaptation. Stochasticity dominated community assemblies of archaea and fungi in soils and sediments, whereas determinism dominated bacterial community assembly. Our results have therefore highlighted distinct microbial distribution patterns and diversity maintenance mechanisms between soils and sediments, and emphasized important roles of species replacement, environmental adaptability, and ecological assembly processes on microbial landscape. Our findings are helpful in predicting loss of microbial diversity in the Yangtze River Basin, and might assist the establishment of environmental policies for protecting fragile watersheds.
解读微生物的生物地理模式对于评估微生物多样性的维持及其所驱动的生态系统功能至关重要。然而，在大空间尺度流域塑造微生物分布模式的生态过程仍 largely 未知。利用 Illumina 测序和多种统计方法，我们表征了长江沿线土壤和沉积物中微生物（即古菌、细菌和真菌）的分布模式和维持多样性。在土壤和沉积物之间发现了明显的微生物分布模式，并且微生物群落相似性随着地理距离的增加而显著降低。物理化学性质对微生物群落组成的影响大于地理空间和气候因素。与沉积物相比，古菌和真菌在土壤中表现出更强的物种替代和更弱的环境限制，但细菌则相反。与沉积物中的相比，土壤中的古菌、细菌和真菌表现出更宽的环境广度和更强的系统发育信号，表明更强的环境适应性。随机性主导了土壤和沉积物中古菌和真菌的群落组装，而确定性主导了细菌群落组装。因此，我们的结果突出了土壤和沉积物之间不同的微生物分布模式和多样性维持机制，并强调了物种替代、环境适应性和生态组装过程对微生物景观的重要作用。我们的发现有助于预测长江流域微生物多样性的丧失，并可能有助于制定保护脆弱流域的环境政策。
