Cao Lili, Guo Wei, Yang Shiyu, Ahmad Anum Ali, Dong Yuntao, Gong Cen, Wang Shuoqi, Yang Xuemin, Cheng Zhentao, Yan Zhihong, Wang Weiwei
Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Mar 7;16:1530553. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1530553. eCollection 2025.
Swine represent one of the most economically significant livestock worldwide, and their intestinal microbial communities are crucial for maintaining physiological development and regulating host metabolism. While extensive research has focused on the fecal microbiota of swine, investigations into microbial communities across different intestinal segments remain limited.
This study aims to elucidate the intestinal microbiota of swine by analyzing luminal contents from different intestinal segments, including the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon.
We employed 16S rRNA sequencing to explore the diversity and structure of gut microbial biogeography, microbial functional niches, and their associated pathways.
Our findings reveal significantly lower microbial richness and diversity in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) compared to the large intestine (cecum and colon) ( < 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, collectively accounting for over 90% of the total sequences. In the small intestine, Proteobacteria (4.76-34.2%), Actinobacteria, and Fusobacteriota were more abundant, whereas in the large intestine, Firmicutes (89.8-90.4%) was predominated. At the genus level, , , , , and were predominant in duodenum. , , , and demonstrated greater abundances in the jejunum and ileum. in the cecum and in the colon were more abundant with 16.4 and 20.2% relative abundances, respectively. The specialists detected from the duodenum to the colon were all the predominant genera in each intestinal segment with relatively higher relative abundance. For instance, (3.06-36.1%), (5.31-18.6%), and (0.849-5.72%) were dominant genera and specialists in the small intestine, associated with enriched pathways of Amino acid metabolism and Lipid metabolism. Conversely, (16.4%, 4.06%) and (5.44%, 20.2%) are predominant genera and specialists within the large intestine, linked to pathways involved in Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism pathway, as well as the Biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites.
These highlight the importance of genus specialists compared to genus generalists. The findings provide essential data for assessing the role of the intestinal microbiome in maintaining and enhancing swine health and productivity, offering fundamental guidance for further exploration of host-microbe interaction mechanisms and regulatory pathways.
猪是全球经济意义最为重大的家畜之一，其肠道微生物群落对于维持生理发育和调节宿主代谢至关重要。虽然已有大量研究聚焦于猪的粪便微生物群，但对不同肠道段微生物群落的调查仍然有限。
本研究旨在通过分析不同肠道段（包括十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠）的肠腔内容物来阐明猪的肠道微生物群。
我们采用16S rRNA测序来探索肠道微生物生物地理学的多样性和结构、微生物功能生态位及其相关途径。
我们的研究结果显示，与大肠（盲肠和结肠）相比，小肠（十二指肠、空肠和回肠）中的微生物丰富度和多样性显著更低（<0.05）。在门水平上，厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门是主要门类，总共占总序列的90%以上。在小肠中，变形菌门（4.76 - 34.2%）、放线菌门和梭杆菌门更为丰富，而在大肠中，厚壁菌门（89.8 - 90.4%）占主导。在属水平上，[此处原文缺失具体属名]在十二指肠中占主导。[此处原文缺失具体属名]在空肠和回肠中丰度更高。盲肠中的[此处原文缺失具体属名]和结肠中的[此处原文缺失具体属名]相对丰度分别更高，为16.4%和20.2%。从十二指肠到结肠检测到的特有属均为各肠道段中相对丰度较高的主要属。例如，[此处原文缺失具体属名]（3.06 - 36.1%）、[此处原文缺失具体属名]（5.31 - 18.6%）和[此处原文缺失具体属名]（0.849 - 5.72%）是小肠中的优势属和特有属，与氨基酸代谢和脂质代谢途径的富集有关。相反，[此处原文缺失具体属名]（16.4%，4.06%）和[此处原文缺失具体属名]（5.44%，20.2%）是大肠中的优势属和特有属，与聚糖生物合成和代谢途径以及其他次生代谢物的生物合成途径有关。
这些结果突出了特有属相对于通用属的重要性。研究结果为评估肠道微生物群在维持和提高猪的健康及生产力方面的作用提供了重要数据，为进一步探索宿主 - 微生物相互作用机制和调控途径提供了基础指导。
