Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of General Midwifery, College of Medicine Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 May 15;12:1379487. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1379487. eCollection 2024.
The negative effects of stigma and discrimination in communities and families include medication non-adherence, heightened psychological distress, verbal and physical abuse, a lack of social support, isolation, and dangerous health behaviors such as hiding prescriptions. Despite the huge burden of HIV/AIDS discriminatory attitudes, limited studies were conducted in Ghana. Therefore, this study examines the burden of discriminatory attitudes and their determinant factors on people who are living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of discriminatory attitudes and associated factors among people who are living with HIV/AIDS in Ghana based on recent DHS data.
Secondary data analysis was used for this multilevel logistic regression analysis based on the Ghana Demographic Health Survey of 2022. Data extraction, cleaning, and analysis were conducted using Stata version 14. The community of Ghana, from the 15 to 49 age group, was used for this study, with a final sample size of 22,058 participants. Four separate models were fitted, incorporating individual and community levels. Multilevel logistic regression models were calibrated to determine the associated factors at the individual and community level with discriminatory attitudes, with a 95% CI and AOR.
The prevalence of discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS was 60.92%, with a 95% CI (60.13, 61.70) among Ghana DHS. Lower wealth status, having no comprehensive knowledge of HIV, low educational status at the individual level, and low wealth status at the community level, poorest and poorer [AOR =2.03; 95% CI: (1.04, 3.94)] and [AOR = 2.09; 95% CI: (1.84, 8.65)], respectively, no comprehensive knowledge [AOR = 3.42; 95% CI: (1.74, 6.73)], no and primary education [AOR = 3.18; 95% CI: (2.48, 5.51)] and [AOR = 3.78; 95% CI: (2.68, 5.92)], respectively, at the individual level and low wealth status [AOR = 1.58; 95% CI: (1.00, 2.46)] community level were the associated factors.
The prevalence of discriminatory attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS was high (60.92%) in Ghana's DHS. The associated factors for this study were lower wealth status, having no comprehensive knowledge of HIV, and low educational status at the individual level.
社区和家庭中的污名化和歧视的负面影响包括药物不依从、心理困扰加剧、言语和身体虐待、缺乏社会支持、孤立以及隐藏处方等危险的健康行为。尽管艾滋病毒/艾滋病的歧视态度带来了巨大的负担，但在加纳，相关研究有限。因此，本研究旨在根据最近的 DHS 数据，检查加纳艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者的歧视态度负担及其决定因素。
本研究旨在根据 2022 年加纳人口与健康调查的二次数据分析，确定加纳艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者中歧视态度的流行率及其决定因素。
本研究采用多水平逻辑回归分析，基于加纳人口与健康调查的二级数据。使用 Stata 版本 14 进行数据提取、清理和分析。该研究使用加纳 15 至 49 岁年龄组的社区作为研究对象，最终样本量为 22058 名参与者。纳入了个体和社区两个层面的四个独立模型。采用多水平逻辑回归模型来确定个体和社区层面与歧视态度相关的因素，使用 95%CI 和 AOR。
加纳 DHS 中，艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者的歧视态度流行率为 60.92%，95%CI（60.13，61.70）。个体层面上较低的财富状况、对艾滋病毒缺乏全面认识、较低的教育程度，以及社区层面上较低的财富状况，最贫穷和较贫穷的人群[比值比（AOR）=2.03；95%置信区间（CI）：（1.04，3.94）]和[AOR=2.09；95%CI：（1.84，8.65）]，缺乏全面认识[AOR=3.42；95%CI：（1.74，6.73）]，无和小学教育[AOR=3.18；95%CI：（2.48，5.51）]和[AOR=3.78；95%CI：（2.68，5.92）]，分别为个体层面上的相关因素，而社区层面上较低的财富状况[AOR=1.58；95%CI：（1.00，2.46）]。
加纳 DHS 中，艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者的歧视态度流行率较高（60.92%）。本研究的相关因素包括较低的财富状况、对艾滋病毒缺乏全面认识和个体教育程度较低。
