埃塞俄比亚15至49岁人群中对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者歧视的预测因素：一项多层次分析
Predictors of Discrimination Towards People Living with HIV/AIDS Among People Aged 15-49 Years in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Analysis.
作者信息
Arefaynie Mastewal, Damtie Yitayish, Kefale Bereket, Yalew Melaku
机构信息
Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
出版信息
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2021 Mar 15;13:283-292. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S299812. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
There is limited national representative evidence on determinants of discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS especially, community-level factors that are not investigated in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS among 15-49 age people in Ethiopia.
METHODS
A secondary data analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset which was collected cross-sectional. A total of 25,927 weighted 15-49 age people were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.
RESULTS
From individual level factors, being female [AOR=1.47, 95% CI= (1.18, 1.83)], not attend education [AOR=5.88,95% CI= (4.50, 7.67)], attending primary education [AOR=3.03, 95% CI= (2.40, 3.81)] and attending secondary education [AOR=1.48, 95% CI= (1.19, 1.82)] have discrimination attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. From community level factors, live in low proportion of educated communities [AOR=1.33, 95% CI= (1.01, 1.65)], rural dweller [AOR=1.65, 95% CI= (1.23, 2.21)], live in low proportion of HIV tested communities [AOR=1.61, 95% CI= (1.33, 1.93)] were significantly associated with discrimination attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS.
CONCLUSION
Sex of the respondent, religion, educational status, household wealth index, marital status, media exposure, internet use, HIV test status, region, and residence, community level of education, and community level of HIV test status were predictors of discrimination attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Improving educational and community-level HIV/AIDS test coverage are important interventions to reduce discrimination towards people living with HIV/AIDS in the country.
背景
关于针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者歧视的决定因素，尤其是埃塞俄比亚未调查的社区层面因素，全国代表性证据有限。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚15至49岁人群中与针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者歧视相关的个人和社区层面因素。
方法
对2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查数据集进行二次数据分析，该数据集为横断面收集。分析共纳入25927名加权后的15至49岁人群。使用STATA 14.0版进行多水平混合效应逻辑回归分析，以确定个人和社区层面因素。采用调整后的比值比及95%置信区间来显示关联的强度和方向，P值小于0.05时具有统计学意义。
结果
在个人层面因素中，女性[AOR=1.47，95%CI=(1.18, 1.83)]、未接受教育[AOR=5.88,95%CI=(4.50, 7.67)]、接受小学教育[AOR=3.03，95%CI=(2.40, 3.81)]和接受中学教育[AOR=1.48，95%CI=(1.19, 1.82)]对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者持有歧视态度。在社区层面因素中，生活在教育程度低的社区比例高[AOR=1.33，95%CI=(1.01, 1.65)]、农村居民[AOR=1.65，95%CI=(1.23, 2.21)]、生活在艾滋病毒检测比例低的社区[AOR=1.61，95%CI=(1.33, 1.93)]与对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的歧视态度显著相关。
结论
受访者的性别、宗教、教育状况、家庭财富指数、婚姻状况、媒体接触、互联网使用、艾滋病毒检测状况、地区和居住地、社区教育水平以及社区艾滋病毒检测状况是埃塞俄比亚对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者歧视态度的预测因素。提高教育和社区层面的艾滋病毒/艾滋病检测覆盖率是减少该国对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者歧视的重要干预措施。
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