Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico Biomimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, México.
PLoS One. 2024 May 31;19(5):e0303480. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303480. eCollection 2024.
Due to the dramatic reduction of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus populations in the Yucatan Peninsula by overfishing and poaching, aquaculture has been encouraged as an alternative to commercial catching and restoring wild populations. However, the scarcity of broodstock, the emergence of a new disease in the auricularia larvae stage, and the development of skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) in the culture have limited aquaculture development. This study presents the changes in the intestine and skin microbiota observed in early and advanced stages of SUS disease in cultured juvenile I. badionotus obtained during an outbreak in experimental culture through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and histological evidence. Our results showed inflammation in the intestines of juveniles at both stages of SUS. However, more severe tissue damage and the presence of bacterial clusters were detected only in the advanced stages of SUS. Differences in the composition and structure of the intestinal and skin bacterial community from early and advanced stages of SUS were detected, with more evident changes in the intestinal microbial communities. These findings suggest that SUS was not induced by a single pathogenic bacterium. Nevertheless, a decrease in the abundance of Vibrio and an increase in Halarcobacter (syn. Arcobacter) was observed, suggesting that these two bacterial groups could be keystone genera involved in SUS disease.
由于过度捕捞和偷猎，尤卡坦半岛的海参数量大幅减少，因此鼓励水产养殖作为商业捕捞和恢复野生种群的替代方式。然而，由于亲鱼的稀缺、耳状幼体阶段出现新疾病以及养殖过程中出现皮肤溃疡综合征（SUS），水产养殖的发展受到了限制。本研究通过 16S rRNA 基因测序和组织学证据，展示了在实验养殖中爆发的 SUS 疾病早期和晚期阶段，养殖幼年海参体内肠道和皮肤微生物群的变化。结果显示，在 SUS 的两个阶段，幼体的肠道都有炎症。然而，只有在 SUS 的晚期阶段才检测到更严重的组织损伤和细菌簇的存在。在 SUS 的早期和晚期阶段，肠道和皮肤细菌群落的组成和结构存在差异，肠道微生物群落的变化更为明显。这些发现表明，SUS 不是由单一的病原菌引起的。然而，观察到弧菌属（Vibrio）丰度降低，哈尔弧菌属（Halarcobacter，同义词：Arcobacter）丰度增加，这表明这两个细菌属可能是 SUS 疾病中的关键属。
