State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, PR China.
Dent Mater. 2024 Aug;40(8):e1-e10. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.023. Epub 2024 May 30.
Although glass fibers are more common, quartz fibers (QFs) are also considered as the ideal reinforcing material in dentistry, due to their superior mechanical strength, high purity, and good photoconductive properties. However, the relatively inert surfaces limit their further applications. Therefore, the aim of this study is to modify the fiber surface properties to improve the interfacial interactions with polymeric resins.
In this study, we systematically introduced four different surface modification strategies onto short quartz fibers (SQFs) for the preparation of dental composites. Particularly, the acid etching was a facile way to create mechanical interlocking structures. In addition, the silanization process, the sol-gel treatment, and the polymer grafting were further proposed to increase the surface roughness and the reactive sites. The effect of surface modifications on the fiber surface morphological changes, mechanical properties, water stability, and in vitro cell viability of dental composites were investigated.
Among all surface-modified SQFs, SQFs-POSS (SQFs modified with methacrylate-POSS) exhibited the roughest surface morphology and highest grafting rates compared with other three materials. Furthermore, all these SQFs were applied as reinforcements to make dimethacrylate-based dental resin composites. Of all fillers, SQFs-POSS demonstrated the best reinforcing effect, providing significantly higher improvements of 55.7 %, 114.3 %, and 164.7 % for flexural strength, flexural modulus, and breaking energy, respectively, over those of SQFs-filled composite. The related reinforcing mechanism was further investigated. The SQFs-POSS-filled composite also exhibited the best water stability performance and in vitro cell viability.
This work provided valuable insights into the optimization of filler-matrix interaction through fiber surface modifications. Specifically, SQFs-POSS markedly outperformed other formulations in terms of the physicochemical performance and in vitro cytotoxicity, which offers possibilities for developing high-performance dental composites for clinical applications in restorative dentistry.
尽管玻璃纤维更为常见，但石英纤维（QF）因其卓越的机械强度、高纯度和良好的光电导性能，也被认为是牙科理想的增强材料。然而，相对惰性的表面限制了它们的进一步应用。因此，本研究旨在通过改性纤维表面特性来改善纤维与聚合树脂之间的界面相互作用。
在本研究中，我们系统地将四种不同的表面改性策略引入到短石英纤维（SQF）中，以制备牙科复合材料。特别地，酸蚀是一种创建机械互锁结构的简单方法。此外，还进一步提出了硅烷化处理、溶胶-凝胶处理和聚合物接枝，以增加表面粗糙度和反应性位点。研究了表面改性对纤维表面形貌变化、机械性能、水稳定性和体外细胞活力的影响。
在所有经过表面改性的 SQF 中，与其他三种材料相比，经甲基丙烯酰基-POSS（SQFs 经甲基丙烯酰基-POSS 改性）改性的 SQF 表现出最粗糙的表面形貌和最高的接枝率。此外，所有这些 SQF 都被用作增强剂来制造双甲基丙烯酸酯基牙科树脂复合材料。在所有填料中，SQFs-POSS 表现出最好的增强效果，分别使复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和断裂能提高了 55.7%、114.3%和 164.7%。进一步研究了相关的增强机制。SQFs-POSS 填充复合材料还表现出最佳的耐水性和体外细胞活力。
这项工作为通过纤维表面改性优化填料-基质相互作用提供了有价值的见解。具体来说，SQFs-POSS 在物理化学性能和体外细胞毒性方面明显优于其他配方，为开发用于修复牙科临床应用的高性能牙科复合材料提供了可能性。
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