Berza Natalija, Zodzika Jana, Kivite-Urtane Anda, Baltzer Nicholas, Curkste Alise, Pole Ilva, Nygård Mari, Pärna Kersti, Stankunas Mindaugas, Tisler Anna, Uuskula Anneli
Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
Gynaecology Department, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
Eur J Public Health. 2024 Aug 1;34(4):826-832. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae075.
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is a known cause of cervical cancer (CC). Latvia has a high incidence of CC compared with the average incidence in the European Union. This study aims to fill the data gap on the HR-HPV burden in Latvia, providing information on its prevalence and associated factors.
The cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to April 2022. Participants 25-70 years old visiting a general practitioner (general population) or those referred to a colposcopy clinic with changes in their cervical cytology (colposcopy population) collected vaginal self-sample and completed a paper-based questionnaire. Samples were analyzed with Cobas 6800 System (Roche) for HPV16, HPV18 and other HR-HPV (HPV31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68). Descriptive statistics for categorical variables were performed. The Chi-square test was used to determine for the statistical significance of differences in the proportions of the dependent variable between subgroups of the independent variable. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with positive HR-HPV status. Results were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.
A total of 1274 participants provided a valid sample. The prevalence of any HR-HPV infection was 66.8% in the colposcopy group and 11.0% in the general population. Factors associated with positive HR-HPV status were marital status single/divorced/widowed (vs. married/cohabiting) [adjusted OR (aOR) 2.6; P = 0.003], higher number of lifetime sex partners [aOR 5.1 (P < 0.001) and 4.0 (P = 0.001)] for six or more and three to five partners in the general population; in the colposcopy group, the statistical significance remained only for Latvian ethnicity (vs. other) (aOR 1.8; P = 0.008) and current smoking (vs. never) (aOR 1.9; P = 0.01).
We documented a comparison to European Union HR-HPV infection burden in Latvia. Any HR-HPV positivity was significantly associated with sexual and other health behavior.
高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）是宫颈癌（CC）的已知病因。与欧盟的平均发病率相比，拉脱维亚的宫颈癌发病率较高。本研究旨在填补拉脱维亚HR-HPV负担方面的数据空白，提供其流行率及相关因素的信息。
横断面研究于2021年2月至2022年4月进行。年龄在25至70岁的全科医生就诊者（普通人群）或因宫颈细胞学改变而转诊至阴道镜检查诊所的患者（阴道镜检查人群）采集阴道自我样本并完成纸质问卷。样本采用Cobas 6800系统（罗氏公司）分析HPV16、HPV18及其他HR-HPV（HPV31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68）。对分类变量进行描述性统计。采用卡方检验确定自变量各亚组间因变量比例差异的统计学意义。采用单因素和多因素二元逻辑回归分析确定与HR-HPV阳性状态相关的因素。P<0.05时结果具有统计学意义。
共有1274名参与者提供了有效样本。阴道镜检查组中任何HR-HPV感染的流行率为66.8%，普通人群中为11.0%。与HR-HPV阳性状态相关的因素包括婚姻状况为单身/离婚/丧偶（相对于已婚/同居）[调整后比值比（aOR）2.6；P=0.003]，普通人群中终身性伴侣数量较多，六个或以上性伴侣者的aOR为5.1（P<0.001），三至五个性伴侣者的aOR为4.0（P=0.001）；在阴道镜检查组中，仅拉脱维亚族裔（相对于其他族裔）（aOR 1.8；P=0.008）和当前吸烟者（相对于从不吸烟者）（aOR 1.9；P=0.01）具有统计学意义。
我们记录了拉脱维亚与欧盟HR-HPV感染负担的比较情况。任何HR-HPV阳性均与性健康及其他健康行为显著相关。
