Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Clin Biochem. 2024 Jul;129:110776. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110776. Epub 2024 May 31.
This review provides a contemporary examination of the evolving landscape of breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, focusing on the pivotal role of novel protein-based biomarkers. The overview begins by elucidating the multifaceted nature of BC, exploring its prevalence, subtypes, and clinical complexities. A critical emphasis is placed on the transformative impact of proteomics, dissecting the proteome to unravel the molecular intricacies of BC. Navigating through various sources of samples crucial for biomarker investigations, the review underscores the significance of robust sample processing methods and their validation in ensuring reliable outcomes. The central theme of the review revolves around the identification and evaluation of novel protein-based biomarkers. Cutting-edge discoveries are summarised, shedding light on emerging biomarkers poised for clinical application. Nevertheless, the review candidly addresses the challenges inherent in biomarker discovery, including issues of standardisation, reproducibility, and the complex heterogeneity of BC. The future direction section envisions innovative strategies and technologies to overcome existing challenges. In conclusion, the review summarises the current state of BC biomarker research, offering insights into the intricacies of proteomic investigations. As precision medicine gains momentum, the integration of novel protein-based biomarkers emerges as a promising avenue for enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of BC diagnosis. This review serves as a compass for researchers and clinicians navigating the evolving landscape of BC biomarker discovery, guiding them toward transformative advancements in diagnostic precision and personalised patient care.
这篇综述对乳腺癌（BC）诊断的不断变化的领域进行了当代考察，重点关注新型蛋白质生物标志物的关键作用。综述首先阐明了 BC 的多面性，探讨了其普遍性、亚型和临床复杂性。重点强调了蛋白质组学的变革性影响，剖析蛋白质组以揭示 BC 的分子复杂性。在通过对生物标志物研究至关重要的各种样本来源进行导航时，该综述强调了稳健的样本处理方法及其验证在确保可靠结果方面的重要性。综述的核心主题围绕着新型蛋白质生物标志物的鉴定和评估展开。总结了前沿的发现，揭示了即将应用于临床的新兴生物标志物。然而，该综述坦率地讨论了生物标志物发现中固有的挑战，包括标准化、可重复性和 BC 的复杂异质性等问题。未来方向部分设想了克服现有挑战的创新策略和技术。总之，该综述总结了当前 BC 生物标志物研究的现状，深入探讨了蛋白质组学研究的复杂性。随着精准医学的发展，新型蛋白质生物标志物的整合为提高 BC 诊断的准确性和疗效提供了一个有前途的途径。该综述为研究人员和临床医生提供了在不断变化的 BC 生物标志物发现领域中的指南，指导他们在诊断精度和个性化患者护理方面取得变革性进展。
