State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing, 210014, China.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2024 Jul;212:108754. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108754. Epub 2024 May 20.
Ginkgo biloba L. is a relict plant endemic to China that is commonly considered a "living fossil". It contains unique medicinal compounds that play important roles in its response to various stresses and help maintain human health. Ginkgo terpenoids are known to be important active ingredients but have received less attention than flavonoids. Hence, this review focuses on recent progress in research on the pharmacological effects of ginkgo terpenoid and the bioactivities of different terpenoid monomers. Many key structural genes, enzyme-encoding genes, transcription factors, and noncoding RNAs involved in the ginkgo terpenoid pathway were identified. Finally, many external factors (ecological factors, hormones, etc.) that regulate the biosynthesis and metabolism of terpenoids were proposed. All these findings improve the understanding of the biosynthesis, accumulation, and medicinal functions of terpenoids. Finally, this review includes an in-depth discussion regarding the limitations of terpenoid-related studies and potential future research directions.
银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.）是中国特有的孑遗植物，通常被认为是“活化石”。它含有独特的药用化合物，在应对各种胁迫方面发挥着重要作用，并有助于维持人类健康。已知银杏萜类化合物是重要的活性成分，但它们的研究比黄酮类化合物受到的关注要少。因此，本综述重点介绍了银杏萜类化合物的药理作用和不同萜类单体的生物活性方面的最新研究进展。许多参与银杏萜类化合物途径的关键结构基因、酶编码基因、转录因子和非编码 RNA 已被鉴定出来。最后，提出了许多调节萜类化合物生物合成和代谢的外部因素（生态因素、激素等）。所有这些发现都提高了对萜类化合物的生物合成、积累和药用功能的理解。最后，本综述还深入讨论了萜类化合物相关研究的局限性和潜在的未来研究方向。
