Mulhall A, de Louvois J
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1985 Jan;15(1):97-103. doi: 10.1093/jac/15.1.97.
The pharmacokinetics and safety of ceftazidime (25 mg/kg twice daily intravenously or intramuscularly) were determined in 41 young, premature neonates who were clinically infected and would otherwise have received gentamicin plus penicillin. Ceftazidime was assayed in 46 series of blood samples by HPLC. Blood was collected before, during and after treatment for analysis of biochemical and haematological factors. Faecal specimens were examined for the presence of Clostridium difficile and its toxin. Although the peak concentration following iv administration was higher (77 +/- 8 mg/l) than that following im injection (56 +/- 7 mg/l), satisfactory serum levels were maintained throughout the dosage interval using either route. Mean pharmacokinetic profiles following both routes are reported. Postnatal age was the most important factor governing total body clearance (P = 0.0001) and serum half life (P = 0.001). The biochemical and haematological status of the majority of babies remained unaffected by therapy and there was no increase in the incidence of Cl. difficile isolation from stools. Ceftazidime is a safe and well tolerated drug for use in the treatment of neonates. 25 mg/kg administered twice daily results in adequate serum levels in babies during the first two weeks of life.
在41例临床感染的早产新生儿中测定了头孢他啶（25mg/kg，每日两次静脉或肌肉注射）的药代动力学和安全性，这些新生儿若非接受该治疗本应接受庆大霉素加青霉素治疗。通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对46组血样中的头孢他啶进行了测定。在治疗前、治疗期间和治疗后采集血液，以分析生化和血液学指标。检查粪便标本中是否存在艰难梭菌及其毒素。虽然静脉给药后的峰值浓度（77±8mg/l）高于肌肉注射后的峰值浓度（56±7mg/l），但两种给药途径在整个给药间隔内均能维持令人满意的血清水平。报告了两种给药途径后的平均药代动力学情况。出生后年龄是影响总体清除率（P = 0.0001）和血清半衰期（P = 0.001）的最重要因素。大多数婴儿的生化和血液学状况未受治疗影响，粪便中艰难梭菌分离率也未增加。头孢他啶是一种用于治疗新生儿的安全且耐受性良好的药物。每日两次给予25mg/kg可使出生后两周内婴儿的血清水平达到足够浓度。
