de Louvois J
Department of Bacteriology, Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital, London, England.
Infection. 1987;15 Suppl 4:S209-13. doi: 10.1007/BF01645873.
Our experience of ceftazidime during the last three years has in almost every respect been favourable. As monotherapy it has resulted in clinical responses at least as good as those from gentamicin and ampicillin. The pharmacokinetics and activity of ceftazidime are far superior to those of gentamicin. We have not been able to demonstrate any significant haematological or biochemical side effects of ceftazidime therapy nor does it adversely affect neonatal blood clotting mechanisms. The incidence of superficial candidosis has not changed during the last three years. Use of third generation cephalosporins has resulted in an increase in neonatal colonisation with faecal streptococci but this has not resulted in any clinical problems. We have not observed any increase in the number of isolates of Enterobacter spp. nor has there been an increase in the number of ceftazidime resistant microorganisms including Clostridium difficile, since ceftazidime was introduced. Drug accumulation does not occur in neonates receiving 25 mg/kg 12 hourly and throughout the dosage interval the serum therapeutic ratio for ceftazidime against common neonatal pathogens is superior to that of gentamicin with penicillin or ampicillin.
在过去三年里，我们使用头孢他啶的经验在几乎各个方面都是令人满意的。作为单一疗法，它产生的临床反应至少与庆大霉素和氨苄西林一样好。头孢他啶的药代动力学和活性远远优于庆大霉素。我们未能证明头孢他啶治疗有任何显著的血液学或生化副作用，它也不会对新生儿凝血机制产生不利影响。在过去三年里，浅表念珠菌病的发病率没有变化。使用第三代头孢菌素导致新生儿粪便链球菌定植增加，但这并未引发任何临床问题。自引入头孢他啶以来，我们没有观察到肠杆菌属分离株数量的增加，包括艰难梭菌在内的对头孢他啶耐药的微生物数量也没有增加。每12小时接受25mg/kg剂量的新生儿不会出现药物蓄积，在整个给药间隔期间，头孢他啶针对常见新生儿病原体的血清治疗比优于庆大霉素联合青霉素或氨苄西林。
