Wang Yinchen, Zeng Bing, Deng Mengqing, Zhao Tian, Liao Yan, Ren Rongqing, Wang Hua, Yuan Yang
Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guiyang, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Front Genet. 2024 May 17;15:1352455. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1352455. eCollection 2024.
Guizhou Province, characterized by complex and diverse geographic and climatic environments, has rich genetic resources for the Chinese honeybee () and is one of the main bee-producing areas in China. However, research on the genetic diversity of Chinese honeybee in the Guizhou region is very limited, despite implications for conservation of biodiversity. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity, differentiation, and selection signals based on 116 Chinese honeybees from 12 regions in Guizhou Province using whole-genome sequencing. We identified 1,400,430 high-quality SNPs across all samples. A population structure analysis revealed two independent genetic subgroups of Chinese honeybees in Guizhou, a Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau population in western Guizhou and a hilly-mountainous population in eastern Guizhou. The average nucleotide diversity () ranged from 0.00138 to 0.00161 and average expected heterozygosity () ranged from 0.2592 to 0.2604. The average genetic differentiation index ( ) for Chinese honeybees in pairwise comparisons of 12 regions ranged from 0.0094 to 0.0293. There was clear genetic differentiation between the western plateau and the eastern hilly mountainous areas of Guizhou; however, values between the eastern and western populations ranged from 0.0170 to 0.0293, indicating a low degree of differentiation. A genome-wide scan revealed a number of genes under selection in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau environment. These genes were related to growth and development, reproduction, and cold resistance, and several candidate genes involved in environmental adaptation were identified, including , , , , and . The results of the present study provide important theoretical bases for the conservation, evaluation, development, and utilization of genetic resources for Chinese honeybees in the Guizhou region and for further investigations of environmental adaptation and underlying mechanisms in the species.
贵州省地理和气候环境复杂多样，拥有丰富的中华蜜蜂遗传资源，是中国主要的养蜂地区之一。然而，尽管贵州地区中华蜜蜂的遗传多样性研究对生物多样性保护具有重要意义，但其相关研究却非常有限。在本研究中，我们利用全基因组测序技术，对来自贵州省12个地区的116只中华蜜蜂进行分析，以研究其遗传多样性、分化情况及选择信号。我们在所有样本中鉴定出1,400,430个高质量单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点。群体结构分析显示，贵州中华蜜蜂存在两个独立的遗传亚群，即贵州西部的云贵高原群体和贵州东部的丘陵山地群体。平均核苷酸多样性（π）范围为0.00138至0.00161，平均期望杂合度（He）范围为0.2592至0.2604。12个地区中华蜜蜂两两比较的平均遗传分化指数（Fst）范围为0.0094至0.0293。贵州西部高原地区与东部丘陵山地地区之间存在明显的遗传分化；然而，东西部群体间的Fst值范围为0.0170至0.0293，表明分化程度较低。全基因组扫描揭示了一些在云贵高原环境下受到选择的基因。这些基因与生长发育、繁殖和抗寒能力相关，并鉴定出了几个参与环境适应的候选基因，包括[具体基因名称]。本研究结果为贵州地区中华蜜蜂遗传资源的保护、评估、开发和利用以及该物种环境适应及其潜在机制的进一步研究提供了重要的理论依据。
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