Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Apr;147:105108. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105108. Epub 2023 Feb 23.
Inhibitory control is an executive function that is closely and bidirectionally related to sports practice. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the effect of this relationship when response suppression is assessed within the Stop-Signal Paradigm. Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for qualitative analysis, of which 11 studies were further analyzed through meta-analytic techniques. The standardized mean difference (SMD) was estimated for the stop-signal reaction time, and the influence of moderator variables was assessed. Athletes showed shorter stop-signal reaction time than non-athlete controls (SMD=0.44; 95% CI=0.14, 0.73), and this effect was mediated by age (SMD=-0.56; 95% CI=-1.11, -0.01). Athletes' superior stop-signal reaction time may be a result of extensive practice in cognitively demanding competitive environments. Young athletes can benefit the most from sports practice. In addition, engaging individuals in more cognitively demanding activities may obtain better response suppression enhancements, although the evidence in the stop-signal task is limited. Finally, some stop-signal task methodological aspects should be considered in future research.
抑制控制是一种与运动实践密切相关的执行功能。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是研究在停止信号范式中评估反应抑制时这种关系的影响。有 24 篇文章符合纳入标准，并进行了定性分析，其中 11 项研究进一步通过荟萃分析技术进行了分析。估计了停止信号反应时间的标准化均数差（SMD），并评估了调节变量的影响。与非运动员对照组相比，运动员的停止信号反应时间更短（SMD=0.44；95%置信区间=0.14，0.73），而年龄则调节了这种影响（SMD=-0.56；95%置信区间=-1.11，-0.01）。运动员的停止信号反应时间较好可能是由于他们在认知要求高的竞争环境中进行了大量的练习。年轻运动员可以从运动实践中获益最多。此外，让人们从事更多认知要求高的活动可能会获得更好的反应抑制增强效果，尽管停止信号任务中的证据有限。最后，未来的研究应考虑一些停止信号任务的方法学方面。
