School of Medicine, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Research Group of Physical Activity and Quality of Life, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 3;19(6):e0298826. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298826. eCollection 2024.
To test the association between sociodemographic and social characteristics with COVID-19 cases and deaths in small and large Brazilian cities.
This ecological study included COVID-19 data available in State Health Secretaries (managed by brasil.io API) and three national databases (IBGE, DATASUS and Embrapa). Temporal spread of COVID-19 in Brazil during the first year considered as outcome: a) days until 1st case in each city since 1st in the country; b) days until 1,000 cases/100,000 inhabitants since 1st case in each city; c) days until 1st death until 50 deaths/100,000 inhabitants. Covariates included geographic region, city social and environmental characteristics, housing conditions, job characteristics, socioeconomic and inequalities characteristics, and health services and coverage. The analysis were stratified by city size into small (<100,000 inhabitants) and large cities (≥100,00 inhabitants). Multiple linear regressions were performed to test associations of all covariates to adjust to potential confounders.
In small cities, the first cases were reported after 82.2 days and 1,000 cases/100,000 were reported after 117.8 days, whereas in large cities these milestones were reported after 32.1 and 127.7 days, respectively. For first death, small and large cities took 121.6 and 36.0 days, respectively. However, small cities were associated with more vulnerability factors to first case arrival in 1,000 cases/100,000 inhabitants, first death and 50 deaths/100,000 inhabitants. North and Northeast regions positively associated with faster COVID-19 incidence, whereas South and Southeast were least.
Social and built environment characteristics and inequalities were associated with COVID-19 cases spread and mortality incidence in Brazilian cities.
检验社会人口学和社会特征与巴西大小城市 COVID-19 病例和死亡的关联。
本生态研究纳入了州卫生部长（由 brasil.io API 管理）和三个国家数据库（IBGE、DATASUS 和 Embrapa）中提供的 COVID-19 数据。巴西 COVID-19 在第一年的时间传播作为结果：a）自该国首例病例以来，每个城市首例病例的天数；b）自每个城市首例病例以来，每 10 万居民 1000 例病例的天数；c）自每个城市首例病例以来，每 10 万居民首例死亡至 50 例死亡的天数。协变量包括地理区域、城市社会和环境特征、住房条件、工作特征、社会经济和不平等特征以及卫生服务和覆盖范围。分析按城市规模分为小城市（<100,000 居民）和大城市（≥100,000 居民）。进行多元线性回归以检验所有协变量与调整潜在混杂因素的关联。
在小城市，首例病例报告后 82.2 天，每 10 万居民 1000 例报告后 117.8 天，而在大城市，这些里程碑分别报告后 32.1 和 127.7 天。首例死亡的情况，小城市和大城市分别为 121.6 天和 36.0 天。然而，小城市在每 10 万居民 1000 例病例和首例死亡病例和每 10 万居民 50 例死亡病例的报告中，与更多的脆弱因素相关。北部和东北部与 COVID-19 发病率的快速上升呈正相关，而南部和东南部则呈负相关。
社会和建筑环境特征以及不平等与巴西城市 COVID-19 病例传播和死亡率的发生有关。
