From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Ashi, Almaghrabi, Alrayes), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; from the Regenerative Medicine Unit (Ashi), King Fahd Medical Research Center; from the Center of Innovations in Personalized Medicine (Almaghrabi); from the Department of Medicine (Al-Hajeili); from the Department of Pathology (Al-Maghrabi); from the Department of Surgery (Trabulsi), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, from King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (Alsiary), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, and from the Research and Development Unit (Alghuraibi), Al Borg Medical Laboratories, Al Borg Diagnostics, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Med J. 2024 Jun;45(6):565-571. doi: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.6.20230878.
To study the prevalence of tumor marker (TM) carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) levels in the Saudi population, based on gender, age, and demographic region, and whether the patients were referred by a hospital or self-referred.
Retrospective analysis was carried out on 7,019 samples gathered from the Western, Northern, Central, Southern, and Eastern regions of Saudi Arabia between 2021-2022. The TMs were categorized into normal and abnormal levels, according to the reference ranges. Statistical analysis was carried out to assess the relations between variants (age groups, gender, and demographic regions) using the Chi-square test, and their correlations were assessed using Spearman's test.
Among all patients, CEA, CA 125, and CA 15-3 levels were found to be significantly correlated with age (=0.0001). The CEA and CA 15-3 levels increased in both males and females with age. The CA 125 was shown to have an abnormally increased level in males with age.
Increased levels of CEA, CA 125, and CA 15-3 TMs in the study population were significantly correlated with age. The CEA and CA 15-3 levels were within the normal range, while CA 125 levels were above the normal range in the older male population. These results suggest that the utilization of such TMs is age dependent and would have validity if applied with other parameters.
基于性别、年龄和地域因素，研究沙特人群中肿瘤标志物（TM）癌胚抗原（CEA）、癌抗原 125（CA 125）和癌抗原 15-3（CA 15-3）的水平，并分析患者是由医院转诊还是自行就诊。
对 2021 年至 2022 年间采集自沙特阿拉伯西部、北部、中部、南部和东部地区的 7019 例样本进行回顾性分析。根据参考范围，将 TM 分为正常和异常水平。采用卡方检验评估年龄组、性别和地域等变异因素之间的关系，采用斯皮尔曼检验评估其相关性。
在所有患者中，CEA、CA 125 和 CA 15-3 水平与年龄呈显著相关（=0.0001）。CEA 和 CA 15-3 水平随年龄增长而在男女两性中均升高，CA 125 则表现为男性随年龄增长而异常升高。
研究人群中 CEA、CA 125 和 CA 15-3 的水平升高与年龄显著相关。CEA 和 CA 15-3 水平在正常范围内，而老年男性的 CA 125 水平高于正常范围。这些结果表明，此类 TM 的使用与年龄相关，如果与其他参数结合使用将具有有效性。
