Moreira Luís, Guimarães Nuno Miguel, Santos Rita Sobral, Loureiro Joana Angélica, Pereira Maria do Carmo, Azevedo Nuno Filipe
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2025 Feb;45(1):128-147. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2344574. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
The rise of infectious diseases as a public health concern has necessitated the development of rapid and precise diagnostic methods. Imaging techniques like nuclear and optical imaging provide the ability to diagnose infectious diseases within the body, eliminating delays caused by sampling and pre-enrichments of clinical samples and offering spatial information that can aid in a more informed diagnosis. Traditional molecular probes are typically created to image infected tissue without accurately identifying the pathogen. In contrast, oligonucleotides can be tailored to target specific RNA sequences, allowing for the identification of pathogens, and even generating antibiotic susceptibility profiles by focusing on drug resistance genes. Despite the benefits that nucleic acid mimics (NAMs) have provided in terms of stabilizing oligonucleotides, the inadequate delivery of these relatively large molecules into the cytoplasm of bacteria remains a challenge for widespread use of this technology. This review summarizes the key advancements in the field of oligonucleotide probes for imaging, highlighting the most promising delivery systems described in the literature for developing optical imaging through hybridization.
传染病作为一个公共卫生问题日益凸显，这就需要开发快速且精确的诊断方法。核成像和光学成像等成像技术能够在体内诊断传染病，消除了临床样本采样和预富集所导致的延误，并提供有助于更明智诊断的空间信息。传统分子探针通常用于对感染组织进行成像，但无法准确识别病原体。相比之下，寡核苷酸可以定制以靶向特定的RNA序列，从而能够识别病原体，甚至通过关注耐药基因生成抗生素敏感性图谱。尽管核酸模拟物（NAMs）在稳定寡核苷酸方面具有诸多益处，但将这些相对较大的分子充分递送至细菌细胞质仍然是该技术广泛应用面临的一项挑战。本综述总结了用于成像的寡核苷酸探针领域的关键进展，重点介绍了文献中描述的用于通过杂交开发光学成像的最具前景的递送系统。
