Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2024 Dec;25(12):1001-1023. doi: 10.1038/s41580-024-00738-8. Epub 2024 Jun 3.
Once considered a tissue culture-specific phenomenon, cellular senescence has now been linked to various biological processes with both beneficial and detrimental roles in humans, rodents and other species. Much of our understanding of senescent cell biology still originates from tissue culture studies, where each cell in the culture is driven to an irreversible cell cycle arrest. By contrast, in tissues, these cells are relatively rare and difficult to characterize, and it is now established that fully differentiated, postmitotic cells can also acquire a senescence phenotype. The SenNet Biomarkers Working Group was formed to provide recommendations for the use of cellular senescence markers to identify and characterize senescent cells in tissues. Here, we provide recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues based on a comprehensive analysis of existing literature reporting senescence markers in 14 tissues in mice and humans. We discuss some of the recent advances in detecting and characterizing cellular senescence, including molecular senescence signatures and morphological features, and the use of circulating markers. We aim for this work to be a valuable resource for both seasoned investigators in senescence-related studies and newcomers to the field.
衰老细胞曾被认为是组织培养特有的现象，现在已与人类、啮齿动物和其他物种的各种生物学过程相关联，具有有益和有害的作用。我们对衰老细胞生物学的大部分理解仍然来源于组织培养研究，在组织培养中，培养中的每个细胞都被驱动到不可逆的细胞周期停滞。相比之下，在组织中，这些细胞相对较少且难以表征，现在已经确定，完全分化的有丝分裂后细胞也可以获得衰老表型。SenNet 生物标志物工作组的成立是为了提供使用细胞衰老标志物来识别和表征组织中衰老细胞的建议。在这里，我们根据对 14 种小鼠和人类组织中衰老标志物的现有文献的综合分析，为不同组织中衰老细胞的检测提供了建议。我们讨论了一些检测和表征细胞衰老的最新进展，包括分子衰老特征和形态特征，以及循环标志物的使用。我们希望这项工作能为衰老相关研究的资深研究人员和该领域的新手提供有价值的资源。
