Valadez-Cuen Karen, Bhatt Tulsi, Mendez Ileana E, Solanki Dhanshree, Abdi Nawal, Shelar Vrushali, Akplor Jerry J, Reddy Bhumanapalli Sai Akhila, Vinyak Suprada, Patel Digantkumar, Tirupathi Raghavendra, Shah Viray, Patel Urvish K, Rana Rishabh K
Department of Internal Medicine, Las Palmas Del Sol Healthcare, El Paso, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, IND.
Cureus. 2024 May 3;16(5):e59591. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59591. eCollection 2024 May.
E-cigarettes have been known to cause varied poor health outcomes prior to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but after the impact of COVID-19, evidence came out that was, in some instances, not as expected regarding the severity of COVID-19 among e-cigarette users (vapers). A meta-analysis was performed on the available evidence to comprehensively find the effect of COVID-19 on existing or past e-cigarette users (vapers). The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were used to perform this meta-analysis. PubMed was searched for observational studies that described outcomes after COVID-19 positivity from December 1, 2019, to December 2023. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords were used for searching the relevant studies highlighting the relationship between COVID-19 and e-cigarette users. Calculations for pooled prevalence, 95% confidence interval (95% CI), weights for current e-cigarette users and vapers, and outcomes (events) were made. To analyze the data, Review Manager V.5.4 was used. The I² statistic was used to assess statistical heterogeneity. The I² statistic of >50% was considered significant heterogeneity. The "leave-one-out" method was used for sensitivity analysis. Out of 3231 studies, four studies reported data on vaping and non-vaping status and composite outcomes, resulting in a sample size of 653 COVID-19-positive cases. The pooled prevalence of being COVID-19 positive, having symptoms, or visiting an emergency room was 7.78% (653/8392). COVID-19 patients with current vaping status had decreased odds of poor outcomes compared to non-smokers, with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.09 (95% CI 0.00-2.42; p>0.05) with heterogeneity between studies (I²=99%, p=0.15). Because of difficulties related to data collection and other factors, this meta-analysis was unable to conclusively establish the correlation between e-cigarette usage and severe COVID-19 outcomes such as hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, and fatality. Additional research using more detailed data is necessary to fully understand this correlation.
在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）之前，人们就已经知道电子烟会导致各种不良健康后果，但在COVID-19的影响之后，有证据表明，在某些情况下，电子烟使用者（吸电子烟者）感染COVID-19的严重程度并非如预期那样。对现有证据进行了一项荟萃分析，以全面了解COVID-19对现有或过去的电子烟使用者（吸电子烟者）的影响。本荟萃分析采用了流行病学观察性研究的荟萃分析（MOOSE）指南。在PubMed上搜索了描述2019年12月1日至2023年12月COVID-19呈阳性后的结果的观察性研究。医学主题词（MeSH）关键词用于搜索突出COVID-19与电子烟使用者之间关系的相关研究。计算了合并患病率、95%置信区间（95%CI）、当前电子烟使用者和吸电子烟者的权重以及结果（事件）。为了分析数据，使用了Review Manager V.5.4。I²统计量用于评估统计异质性。I²统计量>50%被认为具有显著异质性。采用“留一法”进行敏感性分析。在3231项研究中，有4项研究报告了关于吸电子烟和不吸电子烟状态以及综合结果的数据，样本量为653例COVID-19阳性病例。COVID-19呈阳性、有症状或前往急诊室的合并患病率为7.78%（653/8392）。与不吸烟者相比，目前吸电子烟的COVID-19患者不良结局的几率降低，合并比值比（OR）为0.09（95%CI 0.00-2.42；p>0.05），研究之间存在异质性（I²=99%，p=0.15）。由于数据收集和其他因素相关的困难，本荟萃分析无法最终确定电子烟使用与严重COVID-19结局（如住院、入住重症监护病房和死亡）之间的相关性。需要使用更详细的数据进行更多研究，以充分了解这种相关性。
